BEGIN:VCALENDAR VERSION:2.0 PRODID:-//CERN//INDICO//EN BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:EMU cold-neutron backscattering spectrometer at ACNS DTSTART:20191202T070000Z DTEND:20191202T070100Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2926@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Nicolas de Souza (ANSTO - Australian Centre for Neut ron Scattering)\, Alice Klapproth (ANSTO)\n\nEMU is the high-resolution ne utron spectrometer installed at the OPAL reactor\, ANSTO\, which delivers 1 µeV FWHM energy transfer resolution for an accessible ±31 µeV energy transfer range. The spectral resolution is achieved by neutron backscatter ing from Si (111) on the primary and secondary flight paths\, allowing up to 1.95 Å^-1 momentum transfer range. The spectrometer is well for suited quasi-elastic and inelastic neutron scattering studies\, notably in the f ield of soft-condensed mater including biophysics and polymer science\, ch emistry and materials science\, and geosciences. \nMost experiments since the start of operation late 2015 were carried out with standard cryo-furna ces (2 to 800 K temperature range). Spectrometer beam-time access is merit -based\, thus welcoming as well experiments in other materials research ar eas\, and including experiments that may require e.g. other ancillary equi pment such as existing controlled-gas delivery\, and potentially pressure\ , applied field set-ups\, etc. \nExamples of the spectrometer capabilities are shown through select case studies.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org. au/event/102/contributions/2926/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2926/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Elemental imaging of iron-bioengineered wheat grain using synchrot ron X-ray fluorescence microscopy. DTSTART:20191202T070100Z DTEND:20191202T070200Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2927@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Lombi Enzo (Future Industries Institute\, University of South Australia)\, Alexander Johnson (School of BioSciences\, The Uni versity of Melbourne)\, Jose Tonatiuh Sanchez-Palacios (Institute for Appl ied Ecology\, University of Canberra)\n\nOver the past decades\, efforts h ave been made to increase the nutrition value of staple food crops includi ng wheat grain. Recently\, we were able to produce a metabolic engineered wheat variety capable to increase the accumulation of iron (Fe) in grain ( Beasley et al.\, 2019). In order to determine the distribution of elevated Fe levels and other elements in this grain\, we performed elemental imagi ng studies at the Australian Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XF M) beamline. XFM imaging was conducted on transverse cross-sections of rep resentative mature grains from two null segregant (NS) and two genetically modified (GM) wheat (Triticum aestivum) using two synchrotron-based XFM i maging systems: a 384 Maia detector and a Vortex-EM detector. Grain sample s (80 µm in thickness) were analysed in continuous mode in the horizontal direction by a sampling interval of 4 µm and a step size of 4 µm in the vertical direction with a transit analysis time of 5.2 ms. The XRF signal was used to generate the elemental maps of Fe\, zinc (Zn)\, copper (Cu)\, manganese (Mn) and phosphorous (P). Elemental maps were generated and ana lysed using GeoPIXE software. The results indicated a difference in Fe dis tribution between NS and GM grains. The increase of Fe accumulation in GM grain occurred in the endosperm\, crease and aleurone regions relative to NS grain. The results provide a unique insight into the mechanisms of Fe d istribution in iron-bioengineered wheat grain and highlights the significa nce of using synchrotron-based XFM imaging in the study of metal distribut ion in plants. \n\nBeasley\, J.T.\, Bonneau\, J.P.\, Sanchez-Palacios\, J .T.\, Moreno-Moyano\, L.T.\, Callahan\, D.L.\, Tako\, E.\, Glahn\, R.P.\, Lombi\, E. and Johnson\, A.A.T. (2019) Metabolic engineering of bread whea t improves grain iron concentration and bioav\;ailability. Plant Biotechno l. J.\, https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.13074\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.or g.au/event/102/contributions/2927/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2927/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Combining Far-IR from beneath and UV-Vis from above to follow de-o xygenation and re-oxygenation of haemoglobin in blood. DTSTART:20191203T023000Z DTEND:20191203T024500Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3010@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Neil Langlois (Forensic Science South Australia)\, S tewart Walker (School of Chemical and Physical Sciences\, Flinders Univers ity)\, Josie Nunn (Flinders University SA)\n\nAn Ocean Optics ISP-REF Inte grating Sphere connected to USB4000 XRI spectrophotometer and Spectrasuite software was placed centrally above the diamond window of a GladiATR Sing le Reflection Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) Accessory on the Far-IR/TH z Bruker IFS125HR FTIR spectrometer with OPUS software. By placing a drop of blood on the out-of-vacuum ATR window then positioning the small Integr ating Sphere\, connected to a micro-spectrophotometer\, the conversion of oxy-haemoglobin to deoxy-haemoglobin and reverse can be followed by observ ing both spectra. Oxy-haemoglobin has characteristic absorption peaks at 5 40 nm and 575 nm whereas\, in deoxy-haemoglobin these are replaced by a si ngle peak at 555 nm. By enclosing the combined spectrometers in a ‘tent ’ of clear plastic that is sealed around the edge and connected to a gas flow inlet and an electric air-pump the atmosphere experienced by the blo od can be altered. Initially\, the Far-IR spectra is dominated by water in the blood\, but when dry air is blown through the bag the water peaks dec rease and the Far-IR spectrum of oxy-haemoglobin in blood is obtained. Pum ping out the air in the tent aids the removal of water. Once a stable spe ctrum is obtained the tent can be filled with nitrogen and the transition of oxy-haemoglobin to deoxy-haemoglobin followed by the UV-Vis spectromete r. The Far-IR spectra is also observed to change. Once both spectra have s tabilized the Far-IR and UV-Vis spectra can be recorded. To reverse the re action the blood is wetted with water and air is readmitted into the tent and the conversion back to oxy-haemoglobin is followed by UV-Vis. In this way we can be sure that the spectrum we are measuring by Far-IR is in fact from deoxy-haemoglobin or oxy-haemoglobin or\, in the transition stage\, by a changing ratio of oxy and deoxy-haemoglobin. This process can be repe ated for several cycles. \nThe interconversion of oxy-haemoglobin and deox y-haemoglobin is relevant to the state of blood in cadavers during autopsy . When a person died they stop getting oxygen to their blood and the oxy-h aemoglobin can loose oxygen to become deoxy-haemoglobin. However\, when ch illed in a mortuary fridge the cold blood has a higher affinity for oxygen and the authors [1] have shown that oxygen can be absorbed through the sk in after death - unless there is a barrier such as a plaster on the skin o r the skin is encased in plastic or some other impermeable material. So th e oxygenated state of the blood at autopsy is a consequence of the tempera ture and stage of reoxygenation. \nThis innovation enabled the interconver sion of these crucial blood components to be studied. Although this innova tion has only been used for this specific investigation\, that lends itsel f to coupling Far-IR with UV-Vis\, it shows that other ranges of spectrome try could be undertaken in tandem on the ATR Far-IR at the Australian Sync hrotron to investigate conversions. \n[1] Watchman\, H.M.\, Walker\, G.S .\, Randeberg\, L.L.\, & Langlois\, N.E.\, 2011. Re-oxygenation of post-mo rtem lividity by passive diffusion through the skin at low temperature”\ , Forensic Science\, Medicine\, and Pathology\, 7(4)\, 333-335.\n\nhttps:/ /events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3010/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3010/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Understanding MLKL’s molecular switch mechanism using two novel MLKL pseudokinase orthologue structures DTSTART:20191202T044500Z DTEND:20191202T050000Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2984@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: James Murphy (WEHI)\, Katherine Davies (The Walter a nd Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research)\, Peter Czabotar (Walter and Eliza Hall Institute)\, Cheree Fitzgibbon (The Walter and Eliza Hall Insti tute )\, Sam Young (The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute)\, Emma Petrie (Th e Walter and Eliza Hall Institute)\n\nNecroptosis is a form of programmed cell death characterized by lack of caspase activity and a loss of plasma membrane integrity. Morphologically similar to necrosis\, during necroptos is\, the plasma membrane is disrupted\, causing release of cellular compon ents to the extracellular fluid and an ensuing inflammatory response. Necr optosis proceeds via a regulated kinase cascade involving Receptor Interac ting Protein Kinases RIPK1 and RIPK3. Mixed Lineage Kinase domain-Like pro tein (MLKL)\, a pseudokinase\, is the final known obligate effector of nec roptosis. The MLKL pseudokinase domain is incapable of catalysing phosphot ransfer reactions\, and is the site of RIPK3 phosphorylation. This phospho rylation event is thought to flip a molecular switch regulated by the pseu dokinase domain\, resulting in activation of MLKL. Upon activation\, MLKL oligomerises\, translocates to the plasma membrane\, and destabilises it. Details of MLKL’s molecular mechanism of action\, including activation\, oligomerisation and how it interacts with the plasma membrane\, remain un known. \n\nTo interrogate MLKL’s molecular switch mechanism\, we solved the structure of the pseudokinase domain of two MLKL orthologues\; horse a nd rat\, using X-ray crystallography at the Australian Synchrotron. By com paring the structure and sequence of the orthologues with previously publi shed structures of mouse and human MLKL\, we found that the novel conforma tions adopted in our structures may represent different stages of the mole cular switch mechanism\, with different conformations favoured for each or thologue due to sequence variation. We paired these findings with death as says in cells\, to understand the commonalties between orthologue necropto tic signalling pathways and undertook mutational analysis to understand th e significance of the conformations found in our structures.\n\nhttps://ev ents.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2984/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2984/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering Update DTSTART:20191202T030000Z DTEND:20191202T031500Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3019@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jamie Schulz (ANSTO)\n\nThe Australian Centre for Ne utron Scattering (ACNS) utilises neutrons from Australia’s multi-purpose research reactor\, OPAL\, to solve complex research and industrial proble ms for Australian and international users via merit-based access and user- pays programs. Neutron scattering techniques provide the research communit y and industry with unique tools to study the structure\, dynamics and pro perties of a range of materials\, helping scientists understand why materi als have the properties they do\, and helping tailor new materials. \n\nA n update will be given on the OPAL reactor and its neutron beam facilities \, the status of the neutron beam instruments and supporting capabilities\ , user program\, and future plans.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/ev ent/102/contributions/3019/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3019/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:In-Situ Solar Simulation for Organic Photovoltaics DTSTART:20191202T074400Z DTEND:20191202T074500Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2932@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Paris Constantine (Ansto)\, Frank Darmann (Ansto)\, Scott Olsen (Ansto)\, Liliana deCampo (Ansto)\, Neil Anderson (ANSTO)\, Ja son Christoforidis (Ansto)\, Koushik Venkatesan (Macquarie University)\, R achel White (Ansto)\, Raheel Hashmi (Macquarie University)\, Supriya Pilla i (Macquarie University)\, Chris Baldwin (Ansto)\, Martin Jones (Ansto)\n\ nAccurate simulation of the solar spectrum is a prerequisite for research into photovoltaic stability and efficiency. Organic photovoltaics (OPV) ha ve gained popularity in recent years due to their low cost of production\, physical flexibility\, high tunability and light weight. As interest in O PV continues to grow\, the need arises for solar simulation to be employed in increasingly diverse environments and in conjunction with techniques s uch as UV/Vis spectroscopy\, mass spectrometry and Small-Angle Neutron Sca ttering (SANS). In this work\, a solar simulator is designed which can ill uminate up to three samples in parallel in the BILBY beamline. The solar s imulator is of a modular design and based around a tungsten halogen light source used to replicate the solar spectrum. This light source can also be interchanged with sources of different wavelengths for use in application s such as photochemistry and the biomolecular sciences. We aim to show res ults for a typical OPV system in-situ with SANS on BILBY.\n\nhttps://event s.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2932/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2932/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:A solid-state microdosimeter for dose and radiation quality monito ring for astronauts in space DTSTART:20191202T070200Z DTEND:20191202T070300Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2936@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Stefania Peracchi (University of Wollongong)\, Naruh iro Matsufuji (NIRS)\, Benjamin James (University of Wollongong)\, Jeremy Davis (University of Wollongong)\, Michael Lerch (University of Wollongong )\, Linh Tran (Centre for Medical Radiation Physics\, University of Wollon gong)\, Anatoly Rosenfeld (University of Wollongong)\, Marco Petasecca\, D avid David Bolst (University of Wollongong)\, Susanna Guatelli\, Angela Ko k (SINTEF)\, Marco Povoli (SINTEF)\, Dale Prokopovich\n\nSpace exploration is currently aiming to reach further destinations\, increasing astronauts ’ exposure to hazardous radiation. Although at the altitude of the Inter national Space Station\, the main radiation source is protons\, heavy ions (e.g. C\, O\, Si\, Fe) cover a wide energy range up to hundreds of GeV/n. Their high LET makes them strong contributors for radiobiological effects on humans\, also because the incur in fragmentation.\nMicrodosimetry is a powerful approach for evaluating the quality factor Q of a mixed radiatio n field typical of space radiation\, without knowing the energy or type of particles.\nThe Centre for Medical Radiation Physics\, University of Woll ongong in collaboration with SINTEF\, and ANSTO\, has been active in the d evelopment of SOI microdosimeters\, for radiation protection purposes. Com pared to conventional TEPCs\, SOI microdosimeters are portable\, don't req uire a high voltage power and have an easy readout system. SOI consist of a matrix of 400 silicon sensitive volumes (SVs) with dimensions comparable to cell nucleus.\nIn this abstract\, we present results obtained at the H eavy Ions Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC)\, Japan\, where the novel S OI “Mushroom” was tested with Oxygen\, Neon\, Silicon and Iron ions\, in a energy range of 400÷500MeV/u.\n\nThe “Mushroom” was preliminary tested using the ion beam induced charge collection technique with 5.5 MeV He2+ at ANSTO. Results confirm excellent SV definition and uniform charge collection without cross talk between the adjacent SVs.\nAt HIMAC\, we st udied the spacecraft’s wall effect for shielding energetic heavy ions\, in terms of Q and dose equivalent Hp(10). A realistic multi-layers sample of spacecraft wall was reproduced and placed in front of the detector. Dif ferent wall's configurations were used to study the shielding effect of ea ch layer. Secondly\, we measure the Hp and Q at different depths in a wate r phantom\, mimicking different positions in the human body.\n\nAn example of results obtained from irradiations carried out with 500MeV/u Fe56 ions shows that the microdosimetric spectra when we considered only aluminium layers of the wall is broader due to the presence of fragments produced by primary beam interacting with the wall\, compared to the sharp peak of pr imary particles when no wall is used. Because of the change of the radiati on field’s composition\, the value of Q changes as well.\nResults from t he water phantom irradiation show how Q and Hp varies deeper in an astrona ut’s body. When the wall is considered (scenario of an astronaut inside the spacecraft)\, the Bragg Peak shifted at a shallower depth in the body causing an exposure to different organs\, followed by higher Q values.\n\n To conclude\, for wide energy ranges of GCR ions\, the wall does not alway s reduce the radiation hazard inside the spacecraft\, but can produce seco ndary particles. Particularly\, the Q and Hp can increase at shallow depth in the body of an astronaut. This study confirms that the portable SOI “Mushroom” microdosimeter is suitable for qualifying the radiation fie ld in space and evaluating the efficiency of shielding materials\, in term s of Q and H.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions /2936/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2936/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:KOALA - A single-crystal neutron diffractometer DTSTART:20191202T070300Z DTEND:20191202T070400Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2935@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Ross Piltz (ACNS\, ANSTO)\, Alison Edwards (ACNS\, A NSTO)\n\nA postre setting out the parameters around the KOALA instrument w ill be displayed. The instrument scientists will be available to discuss any aspects of the instrument or the science it can be applied to .\n\nhtt ps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2935/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2935/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Phase and structural evolution of positive electrodes in lithium- and sodium-ion batteries DTSTART:20191202T013500Z DTEND:20191202T015000Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3039@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Neeraj Sharma (UNSW)\n\nLithium-ion batteries have r evolutionized our lives and they\, in conjunction with alternative battery chemistries such as sodium-ion batteries\, are going to shape our lives i n the near-future. Electrodes account for a significant proportion of batt ery function\, where atomic-scale perturbations or changes in the crystal structure during an electrochemical process permit the reversible insertio n/extraction of charge carriers. Therefore\, determining the interplay bet ween crystallography and electrochemistry is essential to understand and r ationalize in order to deliver better materials and batteries.\nA large fr action of our work investigates the structure-electrochemistry relationshi p in-situ or operando using both neutron and synchrotron X-ray diffraction . In other words\, exploring electrode structure evolution while a battery is operating. This presentation will showcase operando and in situ neutro n powder diffraction studies on commercial lithium-ion batteries and opera ndo and in situ X-ray powder diffraction studies on ambient temperature re chargeable sodium-ion batteries. With the information from these experimen ts one can directly relate electrochemical properties such as capacity\, b attery lifetime\, applied rates and differences in charge/discharge to the content and distribution of sodium in the electrode crystal structures or the lattice parameter evolution.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/eve nt/102/contributions/3039/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3039/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:X-ray ghost imaging: Line scans\, radiography and tomography DTSTART:20191202T000000Z DTEND:20191202T002000Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3020@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Yin Cheng (ESRF)\, Andrew Kingston (ANU)\, David Pag anin (Monash University)\, Glenn Myers (ANU)\, Margie Olbinado (ESRF)\, Al exander Rack (ESRF)\, Daniele Pelliccia (Instruments & Data Tools)\, Imant s Svalbe (Monash University)\n\nGhost imaging is a new field of optics. E merging from the field of quantum optics and initially believed to be unde rpinned by quantum-mechanical “spooky action at a distance”\, the fiel d has rapidly achieved prominence in studies using classical visible light [1].\n\nIn ghost imaging\, photons from a source pass through a speckle-m aking mask\, leading to a spatially random pattern “A” being measured over the surface of a position-sensitive detector. A beam-splitter then r emoves a very small fraction of the photons\, which pass through an object and are then recorded by a single-pixel “bucket” detector that merely records the total number “B” of photons falling upon it. This proces s is repeated for a number of different mask positions. While no photon t hat ever passes through the object is ever registered by a position-sensit ive detector\, and no photons measured by the position sensitive detector ever pass through the object\, the *correlation* between A and B can be us ed to reconstruct the object [1].\n\nGhost imaging using x-rays was only v ery recently achieved\, with the first proofs of concept for one-dimension al x-ray ghost imaging being published by Yu et al. [2] and Pelliccia et a l. [3] in 2016. This was soon extended to x-ray ghost imaging of two-dim ensional objects\, by Zhang et al. [4] and Pelliccia et al. [5]. Finally\ , based on the theory and computer modelling of Kingston et al. [6]\, the first experimental realisation of ghost tomography (using potentially any form of radiation\, not just x-rays) was reported by Kingston et al. [7] w ith x rays. The experimental setup uses the process as described above\, but with the additional feature that the sample was rotated to a number of different angular orientations.\n\nWe discuss the origins of ghost imagin g\, explain the key principles underpinning the method\, review the curren t state of art in x-ray ghost imaging in 1D (line scans)\, 2D (radiography ) and 3D (tomography)\, consider some key drivers such as the quest for ev er-reduced dose\, and speculate regarding future developments. We attempt to reduce the counter-intuitive nature of the method to a retrospectively obvious simplicity\, and address the obvious question of: “Why would on e want to perform tomographic imaging in this peculiar manner?”\n\n[1] O . Katz\, Y. Bromberg & Y. Silberberg. Applied Physics Letters\, 95\, 1311 10\, 2009.\n[2] H. Yu\, R. Lu\, S. Han\, H. Xie\, G. Du\, T. Xiao & D. Zhu . Physical Review Letters\, 117\, 113901\, 2016.\n[3] D. Pelliccia\, A. Ra ck\, M. Scheel\, V. Cantelli & D.M. Paganin. Physical Review Letters\, 117 \, 113902\, 2016.\n[4] A.-X. Zhang\, Y.-H. He\, L.-A. Wu\, L.-M. Chen & B. -B. Wang. Optica\, 5\, 374-377\, 2018.\n[5] D. Pelliccia\, M.P. Olbinado \, A. Rack\, A.M. Kingston\, G.R. Myers & D.M. Paganin. IUCrJ\, 5\, 42 8-438\, 2018. \n[6] A.M. Kingston\, G.R. Myers\, D. Pelliccia\, I.D. Svalb e & D.M. Paganin. IEEE Transactions on Computational Imaging\, 5\, 136-149 \, 2019.\n[7] A.M. Kingston\, D. Pelliccia\, A. Rack\, M.P. Olbinado\, Y. Cheng\, G.R. Myers & D.M. Paganin. Optica\, 5\, 1516-1520\, 2018.\n\nhttps ://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3020/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3020/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Small Angle Neutron Scattering Capability at the Australian Nuclea r Science and Technology Organisation DTSTART:20191202T002000Z DTEND:20191202T003500Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3021@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Chun-Ming Wu (NSRRC)\, Kathleen Wood (Australian Nuc lear Science and Technology Organisation)\, Deborah Wakeham (ANSTO)\, Jite ndra Mata (ANSTO)\, Liliana de Campo (Australian Centre for Neutron Scatte ring\, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization (ANSTO))\, A nna Sokolova (Dr)\, Christopher Garvey\, Andrew Whitten (ANSTO)\, Elliot G ilbert (ANSTO)\, Robert Knott (Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering\, ANSTO)\n\nSmall angle scattering is a technique that provides information about the size and overall shape of structures on the nanoscale. Although not a ‘real space’ technique such as microscopy\, small angle scatteri ng presents certain advantages over microscopy such as the ability to stud y molecules and their self-assembly in solution. Samples can then readily be studied under a range of conditions such as temperature\, pH\, pressure \, application of shear etc…\nThree world-class small angle neutron scat tering (SANS) instruments are now located at the ANSTO Lucas Heights campu s south of Sydney\, covering space-scales from 1 nm to 10 microm [1-3]. A complementary bench top small angle X-ray instrument is also available [4 ]. All four instruments are accessible to the community via our user prog ramme. We here outline the advantages and limitations of using SANS to stu dy the nano to microstructure of materials\, taking examples from recently published work. \n\n\n\n[1] K. Wood\, J. P. Mata\, C. J. Garvey\, C. M. Wu\, ... and E. P. Gilbert\, QUOKKA\, the pinhole small-angle neutron scat tering instrument at the OPAL Research Reactor\, Australia: design\, perfo rmance\, operation and scientific highlights\, J Appl Crystallogr\, 2018\ , 51\, 294-314.\n[2] Rehm\, C.\; Campo\, L. d.\; Brûlé\, A.\; Darmann\, F.\; Bartsch\, F.\; Berry\, A.\, Design and performance of the variable-wa velength Bonse–Hart ultra-small-angle neutron scattering diffractometer KOOKABURRA at ANSTO. J Appl Crystallogr\, 2018\, 51 (1)\, 1-8.\n[3] A. Sok olova\, A. E. Whitten\, L. de Campo\, J. Christoforidis\, A. Eltobaji\, J. Barnes\, F. Darmann and A. Berry\, Performance and characteristics of the BILBY time-of-flight small-angle neutron scattering instrument\, J Appl C rystallogr\, 2019\, 52\, 1-12.\n[4] https://archive.ansto.gov.au/ResearchH ub/OurInfrastructure/ACNS/Facilities/Instruments/SAXS/BrukerSAXS/\n\nhttps ://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3021/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3021/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Australian Synchrotron MX beamlines - The Impact of Dectris Eiger Detectors DTSTART:20191202T005000Z DTEND:20191202T010500Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3022@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jason Price\, Daniel Eriksson (Australian Synchrotro n)\n\nThe Australian Synchrotron MX beamlines support a user community tha t includes both Structural Biology (PX) and Chemical Crystallography (CX). Addressing the needs of both communities leads to a number of compromises regarding the design and implementation of the beamline infrastructure\; however it also leads to unique opportunities. \nBoth MX Beamlines have re cently had detector upgrades\; MX2 received a Dectris Eiger 16M with the a ssistance of the Australian Cancer Research Foundation in Jan 2017 and MX1 commissioned a Dectris Eiger 2 9M in May 2019. These single photon counti ng detectors replace the previous CCD Area detectors\, with the improvemen t in technology allowing an increase in frame rates from one second a fram e to >0.01 seconds a frame.\nThese new detectors have had significant impa ct on not only the throughput of the data collection but impacted the stra tegy taken to collect good data for the diverse PX and CX user communities . This changes the way the beamlines have been used\, and presents some ne w unique opportunities.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/con tributions/3022/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3022/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Microscopy capabilities at the Australian Synchrotron DTSTART:20191202T010500Z DTEND:20191202T012000Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3023@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Juliane Reinhardt\, Cameron Kewish (Australian Synch rotron)\, Keith Bambery (ANSTO)\, Jitraporn (Pimm) Vongsvivut (Australian Synchrotron)\, Nader Afshar (Australian Synchrotron)\, Simon James (Austra lian Synchrotron)\, Martin de Jonge\, Danielle Martin (Australian Synchrot ron)\, Daryl Howard\, Mark Tobin (Infrared Microspectroscopy Beamline\, AN STO Australian Synchrotron)\, David Paterson (Australian Synchrotron)\n\n Microscopy capabilities at the Australian Synchrotron include Infrared Mic roscopy (IRM) and X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) [1]. \n\nInfrared Mi croscopy or Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy can provide spa tially resolved spectroscopic information on organic and inorganic compoun ds. High brilliance synchrotron IR enables high signal-to-noise ratios at spatial resolutions between 3–8 μm\, making IRM ideally suited to the a nalysis of microscopic samples\, single cells and complex biological syste ms. IRM can employ Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) to enable analysis of more difficult samples\, e.g. samples that cannot be microtomed or do not adequately reflect. ATR offers enhanced spatial resolution below the diff raction limit.\n\nXFM can provide elemental and chemical microanalysis acr oss millimeter to nanometer length scales. XFM is ideally suited to quant itatively map trace elements within whole and sectioned plant\, biological specimens and environmental samples. High elemental sensitivity coupled with deep penetration allows investigation of diverse samples *in situ* or under environmental conditions. Elemental maps can be acquired rapidly wh ich enables higher-dimensional studies including fluorescence tomography [ 2]\, X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) imaging\, and XANES tomo graphy. The speed and efficiency of the technique ensures the lowest possi ble dose and can avoid radiation damage. \n\nTransmission FTIR spectrosco py was used to examine single live cells in aqueous media [3\,4]. Bone dis ease was studied by examining bone quality after drug treatment using refl ectance IRM [5\,6]. Insights into lipid composition of brain neurons in b rain tissue without the need for staining have been provided by macro ATR- FTIR [7].\n\nX-ray fluorescence XANES imaging investigated in vivo coordin ation environments of metals in biological specimens [8]. Copper coordina tion chemistry within *Drosophila melanogaster* was visualised with fluore scence XANES tomography [9]. XANES imaging can be applied to fresh and hy drated plants\, e.g.\, selenium speciation imaging in wheat and rice roots and leaves [10]. \n\nHigh-resolution coherent imaging at XFM brings toget her X-ray ptychography\, spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence to reveal mor phology and speciation at nanometer resolution [11].\n\nIncreasingly\, res earchers use the combined capabilities of IRM and XFM to provide powerful correlative analysis\, e.g. to provide understanding of the chemical and e lemental composition of latent fingermarks. [12]. \n\nFuture microscopy ca pabilities include the BRIGHT Nanoprobe beamline providing versatile X-ray microscopy with sub-70 nm spatial resolution. \n\n**References** \n\n[1] D. Paterson *et al*.\, AIP Conference Proceedings **1365** (2011) 219.\n [2] M. D. de Jonge *et al*.\, Optics Express **25** (2017) 23424.\n[3] M. J. Tobin *et al*.\, Vibrational Spectroscopy **53** (2010) 34.\n[4] K. Petrou *et al*.\, Frontiers in Marine Science **5** (2018) 110.\n[5] C. Vrahnas *et al*.\, Bone **93** (2016)\, 146.\n[6] C. Vrahnas *et al*. \, Calcified Tissue International **103** (2018) 625.\n[7] J. Vongsvivut *et al*.\, Analyst **144** (2019) 3226.\n[8] S. A. James *et al*.\, Sci entific Reports **6** (2016) 20350. \n[9] S. A. James *et al*.\, Chem ical Communications **52** (2016) 11834. \n[10] P. Wang *et al*.\, Journal of Experimental Botany **66** (2015) 4795.\n[11] M. W. M. Jones *et al*. \, Chemical Communications **55** (2019) 1052.\n[12] R. E. Boseley *et al* .\, Analytical Chemistry **9** (2019) 10622.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron .org.au/event/102/contributions/3023/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3023/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Synchrotron Radiotherapy of Pet Cadavers at the Imaging and Medica l Beamline in Anticipation of Live Veterinary Animal Trials DTSTART:20191202T003500Z DTEND:20191202T005000Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3024@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Liam Day (Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology)\, Daniel Hausermann (Australian Synchrotron)\, Jeffrey CROSBIE (RMIT Univer sity)\, Duncan Butler (ARPANSA)\, Mitzi Klein (Australian Synchrotron)\, M icah Barnes (RMIT)\, Stewart Ryan (The University of Melbourne)\, Lloyd Sm yth (University of Melbourne\, Epworth HealthCare)\n\n**Introduction**\n\n Hutch 3B at the Australian Synchrotron’s Imaging and Medical Beamline (I MBL) offers the unique opportunity to deliver Synchrotron Radiotherapy (SR ) to pet animals and human patients with much larger field sizes than is p ossible in Hutch 2B. Hutch 3B\, located 140m away from the Synchrotron X-r ay source\, allows for a minimally-divergent beam and clinically comparabl e field-sizes\, while maintaining dose rates of 100’s Gy/s in water.\n\n Veterinary interest in performing radiotherapy on domestic pets has facili tated recent preliminary studies into the applicability of using the Large Animal Position System (LAPS) robot in Hutch 3B to delivery mock radiothe rapy fields to animal cadavers. All stages of the treatment delivery were investigated including CT simulation\, treatment planning\, patient positi oning\, dose delivery\, and dose verification.\n\n\n**Method**\n\n2 Dog ca davers and 1 lamb cadaver\, each provided by an Australian Synchrotron on- site veterinarian\, were CT scanned at the Monash Biomedical Imaging facil ity. Care was taken to ensure that the animals were scanned in the positio n they would be in during treatment. A carbon fibre CT imaging board with fiducial markers was used for coarse alignment. For 1 of the 2 dog cadaver trials\, air-vacuum bags were used to position the cadaver with the assis tance of a veterinarian and a trained clinical radiation therapist.\n\nThe CT scans of the cadaver animals were imported into the Eclipse Treatment Planning System (TPS) were SR fields were planned for treatment. A Hybrid Monte Carlo dose algorithm was used to calculate the dose distributions th rough the patient CTs. Reference dosimetry plans were also produced in ord er to calculate Monitor Units (the exposure time required to deliver the p rescribed dose). \n\nFor treatment\, the animal cadavers were re-positione d onto the LAPS\, and an Australian Synchrotron in-house developed softwar e (SMRT) was used to align the cadaver. Radiochromic film was used to veri fy the treatment delivery. Doses calculated in the Quality Assurance (QA) plans where verified using ionisation chamber measurements in liquid water and Solid Water phantoms.\n\n\n**Results** \n\nWe irradiated the cadaver animals using the LAPS in Hutch 3B under image guidance\, with successful patient alignment and treatment planning. Larger fields were delivered via a 'step-and-shoot' method and Radiochromic film was used to verify the de livery of the treatment field to the target. \n\nIonisation chamber measur ements in liquid water and Solid Water showed good agreement (within 5%) w ith the QA plans. \n\nDynamic scanning of the animal cadaver is not curren tly feasible due to technical limitations of the LAPS\, and so 'step-and-s hoot' remains the only viable method for delivering clinically relevant tr eatment field sizes.\n\n\n**Conclusion**\n\nSynchrotron Radiotherapy for l ive animal trials is achievable with our current software implementations\ , including image guidance and treatment planning. Larger fields can be de livered adequately using step-and-shoot for Synchrotron Broadbeam Radiothe rapy\, with good dosimetric agreement. \n\nMicrobeam Radiotherapy veterina ry trials for client-owned pets will require the animal to be dynamically scanned through the beam. Future work will therefore focus on implementing a combination of software and hardware improvements to the LAPS in order to facilitate dynamic Synchrotron Radiotherapy in Hutch 3B.\n\nhttps://eve nts.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3024/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3024/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Two birds with one stone: leaching of alkaline mineral wastes enha nces CO2 sequestration and concentrates trace metals DTSTART:20191202T050000Z DTEND:20191202T051500Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3005@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Bree Morgan (University of Sydney)\, Gordon Southam (The University of Queensland)\, Siobhan Wilson (University of Alberta)\, Greg Dipple (University of British Columbia)\, Connor Turvey (University o f British Columbia)\, Anna Harrison (Queen's University)\, David Paterson (Australian Synchrotron)\, Jessica Hamilton (Australian Synchrotron (ANSTO ))\n\nThe mineral wastes produced by ultramafic mines (i.e. Cu–Ni–PGE\ , podiform chromite\, diamondiferous kimberlite and historical chrysotile) are ideal materials for sequestering CO2 via mineral carbonation. This na tural process traps atmospheric CO2 in mineral form via weathering of Mg o r Ca-rich silicate and hydroxide minerals to form Mg-carbonate. Due to a h igher surface area\, mineral carbonation of mine tailings typically occurs at rates 2-3 orders of magnitude above background rock weathering rates\, and at the Mt Keith Ni Mine\, WA\, offsets 11% of the mine’s annual CO2 emissions.(1) If geochemical treatments were applied to these materials\, reaction rates could be further accelerated such that a mine could potent ially achieve carbon neutrality. In order to encourage uptake of mineral c arbonation technology at mine sites\, treatments will ideally make use of relatively conventional technology and expertise within the minerals indus try. As such\, *in situ* heap leaching is proposed as a potential strategy to accelerate mineral carbonation. Here\, we simulate this process in col umn experiments\, by leaching ultramafic tailings from Woodsreef Chrysotil e Mine (NSW\, Australia) with dilute sulphuric acid (pH ≈ 1). An alkalin e leachate rich in Mg is produced with the potential to sequester 21.4 kg CO2 m-2 of treated tailings per year\, which is approximately 1-2 orders o f magnitude higher than estimates of passive carbonation that has occurred within these tailings over the past three decades.(2)\nImportantly\, sync hrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy shows concentration of Ni\, Co and C r within Fe-(oxy)hydroxides at the neutralisation horizon\, and geochemica l modelling indicates that with continued acid leaching this horizon would become enriched in transition metals over time\, concentrating metals of potential economic benefit in distinct zones within the vertical profile.\ nAcid heap-leaching technology could therefore not only be useful for acce lerated mineral carbonation but also for ore processing and recovery of ba se metals from tailings\, waste rock\, or low-grade ores.\n\nREFERENCES\n1 ) Wilson S.A. et. al. (2014) International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Contr ol 25\, 121-140.\n2) Turvey C.C. et. al. (2018) International Journal of G reenhouse Gas Control 79\, 38-60.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/eve nt/102/contributions/3005/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3005/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Using light to remote control metal-coordination DTSTART:20191202T070400Z DTEND:20191202T070500Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2941@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jason Price\, Jack Clegg (The University of Queensla nd)\, Alicia kim (Student)\, Kasun Athukorala Arachchige (Uq postdoctoral fellow)\n\nThe ability to precisely control molecules with external stimul i is an important tool for various chemical systems such as catalysts\, bi o-active probes and host-guest systems. 1\, An attractive approach to prep aring materials that can be systematically controlled is the integration o f tuneable “switches” into compounds\, thus allowing the reversible co nversion between two or more stable states. Various functions that can be regulated by stimuli-responsive switches include intramolecular energy tra nsfer processes and valencetautomerism involving changes to magnetic prope rties. 2\, External stimuli typically used in such materials include elect rical and magnetic fields\, 2 thermal treatment\, 3 solvent composition ch anges\, chemical addition and light exposure. 4 Despite the rich optical\, magnetic and redox properties available to metal complexes\, switchable s ystems that result in changes in the coordination environment of metal ion s remain rare. Switchable complexes of this nature could act as efficient 'smart metal complexes’ if the properties of the metal ion could be cont rolled using easily applied and highly selective external stimuli. Light i s a particularly attractive stimulus for switching materials due to its no n-intrusive and cost-effective nature. Optimisation and control of the swi tching function of photoactive metal complexes will require a comprehensiv e understanding of structure on the molecular scale\, which can be efficie ntly achieved with the rapidly developing technique of photocrystallograph y – that is\, the determination of a single crystal X-ray structure whil e simultaneously photo-irradiating the sample. 5 \n\nThe aim of this work is to design\, synthesise and characterise organometallic systems which in corporate a photochromic moiety where the coordination geometry of the met al-centre can be systematically regulated with light. To understand how th ese molecules function and the structural changes that occur upon photo-ir radiation\, precise atomic-scale information will be required for the mate rials both before and after switching. The MX1 and MX2 beamlines of the Au stralian Synchrotron will use to obtain this information.\n\nReferences \n \n1. Raymo\, F. M.\; Tomasulo\, M. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2005\, 34 (4)\, 327-336 . \n2. Hoque\, J.\; Sangaj\, N.\; Varghese\, S. Macromolecular Bioscience 2019\, 19 (1)\, 1800259. \n3. Sato\, O.\; Tao\, J.\; Zhang\, Y.-Z. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007\, 46 (13)\, 2152-2187. \n4. Berryman\, O. B.\; Sather\ , A. C.\; Lledó\, A.\; Rebek Jr.\, J. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011\, 50 (40 )\, 9400-9403. \n5. P. Coppens\, Struct. Dyn.\,2017\, 4\, 032102 \, Coppen s\, P. and Fournier\, B.\, J. Synchrotron Radiat.\, 2015\, 22\, 280– 287 \n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2941/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2941/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Kookaburra\, the ultra-small-angle neutron scattering instrument a t ANSTO: design and recent applications DTSTART:20191202T070500Z DTEND:20191202T070600Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2943@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Christine Rehm (GTIIT)\, Jitendra Mata (ANSTO)\, Lil iana de Campo (Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering\, Australian Nucle ar Science and Technology Organization (ANSTO))\n\nThe double-crystal ultr a-small-angle neutron scattering (USANS) diffractometer KOOKABURRA at ANST O was made available for user experiments in 2014. KOOKABURRA allows the c haracterization of microstructures covering length scales in the range of 0.1–10 µm. Use of the first- and second-order reflections coming off a doubly curved highly oriented mosaic pyrolytic graphite pre-monochromator at a fixed Bragg angle\, in conjunction with two interchangeable pairs of Si(111) and Si(311) quintuple-reflection channel-cut crystals\, permits op eration of the instrument at two individual wavelengths\, 4.74 and 2.37 Å (see more at https://www.ansto.gov.au/user-access/instruments/neutron-sca ttering-instruments/kookaburra-ultra-small-angle-neutron). This unique fea ture among reactor-based USANS instruments allows optimal accommodation of a broad range of samples\, both weakly and strongly scattering\, in one s ample setup [1\,2]. The versatility and capabilities of KOOKABURRA have al ready resulted in a number of research papers\, including studies on hard matter systems like rocks and coal [3\,4]\, as well as soft matter systems like hydrogels or milk [5\,6]. This clearly demonstrates that this instru ment has a major impact in the field of large-scale structure determinatio n. Some of the recent examples will be presented here. \n\n**References**\ n[1] Rehm\, C. et al\, J. Appl. Cryst.\, 2013\, 46 1699-1704.\n[2] Rehm\, C. et al\, J. Appl. Cryst.\, 2018\, 51\, 1-8.\n[3] Blach\, T. et al\, Jour nal of Coal Geology\, 2018\, 186\, 135-144.\n[4] Sakurovs\, R.et al\, Ener gy & Fuels\, 2017\, 31(1)\, 231-238.\n[5] Whittaker\, J. et al\, Int. J. B iol. Macromol.\, 2018\, 114\, 998-1007.\n[6] Li\, Z. et al\, Food Hydrocol loid\, 2018\, 79\, 170-178.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102 /contributions/2943/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2943/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Impact of Pancratistatin on model mitochondrial membranes DTSTART:20191201T230000Z DTEND:20191201T233000Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3040@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Drew Marquardt (Drew Marquardt)\n\nPancratistatin (P ST) is a natural compound found in the spider lily\, native to the Amaryll idaceae plant family. PST has been shown to selectively eliminate human ca ncer cells with minimal/no toxic consequences on normal cells. Unfortunate ly\, PST lacks appearances in clinical trials due to its low natural abund ance. Recently\, PST analogues have been synthesized and have demonstrated anticancer activity on various types of cancer cells. Studies have strong ly suggested that PST interacts with the lipids in the mitochondria membra ne of cancer cells\, causing cell death. However\, a precise mechanism of how PST impacts the mitochondria\, ultimately eliminating cancer cells\, r emains unknown. We combine Neutron Spin-Echo (NSE) and small angle scatte ring techniques to determine PST’s influence on the structure and membra ne bending dynamics of mitochondrial model membranes. The goal of this res earch is to understand how PST interacts with the mitochondria by uncoveri ng structural and dynamic information of how PST influences the mitochondr ial membranes of cancer cells\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/1 02/contributions/3040/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3040/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Effect of solution conditions on the recovery of uranyl ions using a metal-binding protein on silica nanoparticles DTSTART:20191202T070600Z DTEND:20191202T070700Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2945@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Gina Pacheco (Monash University)\, Stephen Holt (Aus tralian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation)\, Lizhong He (Monash University)\n\nMany methodologies have been developed to separate metal io ns from water for the purpose of mining or decontamination. Most of these approaches are based on amidoxime-based polymers\, hydrogels\, microsphere s\, fibres and metal-organic frameworks [1-3]. However\, such approaches a re typically inefficient with low selectivity. Recently Zhou et al. [4] ha ve reported a super uranyl binding protein (SUP) with a femtomolar affinit y and a high selectivity for uranyl. Following this exciting result\, SUP has been combined with different recyclable systems for the separation of uranyl ions from seawater and other sources [1\, 3\, 5]. Nevertheless\, mo st of them still rely on the polymer or hydrogel-based systems which are e ither expensive or need complicated devices for uranyl capture. Thus\, the re is an unmet need to develop an efficient and yet simple system to use S UP for recovery of uranyl. \n\nIt is attractive to use low-cost matrix suc h as silica particles for recycling SUP. However\, such matrix systems oft en require chemical modifications of surface\; it does not only increase t he cost but also decrease protein activities. In this work\, we utilized a simple method to immobilize SUP on silica particles without chemical func tionalization of silica surface. The binding of SUP on silica is facilitat ed by a high affinity silica binding peptide. In order to achieve optimal immobilization\, we have included a peptide linker that connects SUP with silica binding peptide (CotB[6]). The engineered bi-functional proteins en able silica surface and uranyl ion binding at the same time. These protein s have been successfully expressed and purified\, and their performance ha ve been evaluated by determining their silica and uranyl binding abilities as well as their stability\, and oligomeric state by multiple techniques that range from colorimetric assays to small angle scattering using differ ent concentrations of sodium chloride. Results suggest that sodium chlorid e plays an important role for the optimal binding of uranyl ions by SUP.\n \nReferences: \n1. Kou\, S.\, Z. Yang\, and F. Sun\, Protein hydrogel micr obeads for selective uranium mining from seawater. ACS Applied Materials a nd Interfaces\, 2017. 9(3): p. 2035-2039.\n2. Liu\, C.\, et al.\, A half-w ave rectified alternating current electrochemical method for uranium extra ction from seawater. Nature Energy\, 2017. 2(4).\n3. Zhang\, X.J.\, et al. \, A Versatile and Robust Approach to Stimuli-Responsive Protein Multilaye rs with Biologically Enabled Unique Functions. Biomacromolecules\, 2018. 1 9(3): p. 1065-1073.\n4. Zhou\, L.\, et al.\, A protein engineered to bind uranyl selectively and with femtomolar affinity. Nature Chemistry\, 2014. 6(3): p. 236-241.\n5. Kou\, S.\, et al.\, Entirely recombinant protein-bas ed hydrogels for selective heavy metal sequestration. Polymer Chemistry\, 2017. 8(39): p. 6158-6164.\n6. Abdelhamid\, M.A.A.\, et al.\, Affinity pur ification of recombinant proteins using a novel silica-binding peptide as a fusion tag. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology\, 2014. 98(12): p. 56 77-5684.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2945 / LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2945/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:SR-micro XRF and Transmission Electron Microscopy: advances in the accuracy of past climate and environmental interpretation from carbonate crystals data. DTSTART:20191202T221500Z DTEND:20191202T224500Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3041@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Andrea Borsato (University of Newcastle)\, Silvia Fr isia (University of Newcastle)\n\nInvestigation by high resolution Synchro tron-Radiation based micro X-ray fluorescence (SR-μXRF) at the Australian Synchrotron coupled with Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM) and bo th terrestrial and marine carbonates imposes uncertainties on the boundary between stages of crystal nucleation and growth and diagenetic processes. This has profound implications on the correct (accurate) interpretation o f chemical data that are proxies of climate parameters are interpreted. An accurate interpretation of climate proxies is necessary when such proxies are transformed into temperature or rainfall quantitative data that are u sed to validate climate models.\n In the last 20 years\, speleothems (defi ned as cave secondary mineral deposits) consisting of calcium carbonate ha ve proven to be exceptional archives of past climate and environmental cha nges that parallel ice cores for their accuracy. However\, amongst many pu blished speleothem-based records\, there are uncertainties that lead to an ecdotal evidence. This may generate skepticism in the quality of data\, pa rticularly by modelers who do not have knowledge about how proxy data are captured by speleothem (or ice) crystals. Such knowledge is grounded on a thorough nanoscale investigation of crystallization processes. \nHR-TEM in vestigation of in-situ products of in-situ crystallization experiments sug gest that there are many pathways leading to speleothem carbonates formati on\, which capture chemical species differently. This translates into conc entrations of elements that defy thermodynamic partitioning. When chemical concentration variabilities of trace elements are interpreted without kno wledge about how these are incorporated in the final product of crystalliz ation\, interpretations are uncertainty-ridden.\nMost carbonates used to r econstruct past climates and environments grow via particle-mediated and/o r formation of metastable phases. By contrast\, the classical ion attachme nt to growth sites theory appears to be defied by free-energy barriers. Th e occurrence of diverse pathways and\, consequently\, the climatic signifi cance of climate proxy data incorporated in speleothem crystals is detecte d through nano- and micro-scale techniques.\nThrough HR-TEM observations o f “instant” cave precipitates\, we found that organic compounds and pa rticulate influence the way hydrological markers\, such as Sr\, are incorp orated in different crystal fabrics. SR-micro XRF mapping of stalagmites f rom the Indo-Pacific region show that Sr is an annual hydrologic marker an d\, commonly\, an increase in its concentration occurs in compact (non-por ous) calcite. This phenomenon is indicative of dry conditions. However\, w e also documented Sr concentration increase in layers consisting of porous fabric. This fabric is commonly formed during wet conditions. The discre pancy\, which was highlighted by using SR-micro XRF mapping\, was solved b y documenting crystal growth from fast and slow drips at the nanoscale in the cave where speleothem show Sr increase in porous fabrics. Fast drips ( representative of “wet” conditions) yielded calcite nanocrystals bridg ed by amorphous particulate rich is Si\, K\, and Al. This likely originate d from silicate weathering and\, thus\, includes the excess Sr within the open fabric. The presence of particulate itself also inhibits coalescence of nanocrystals\, leaving porosity in between the growth units. \nWe will show examples of how SR-micro XRF mapping enhances the power of petrograph y and geochemistry as palaeo-climate tools and how High-Resolution Transmi ssion Electron Microscopy is a necessary complementary technique. Our exam ples will briefly touch the origin of other carbonates whose formation thr ough nanoscale attachment has revolutionized Earth’s history.\n\nhttps:/ /events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3041/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3041/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:FeMn$_3$Ge$_2$Sn$_7$O$_{16}$ : a Spin-liquid Candidate with a Perf ectly Isotropic 2-D Kagomé Lattice DTSTART:20191203T033000Z DTEND:20191203T034500Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3030@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Morgan Allison (The University of Sydney)\, Joseph V ella (The University of Auckland)\, Siegbert Schmid (The University of Syd ney)\, Tilo Soehnel (The University of Auckland)\, Max Avdeev (Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation\, Australian Centre for Neutro n Scattering)\, Chris Ling (University of Sydney)\n\nThe compound Fe$_4$Si $_2$Sn$_7$O$_{16}$ has a hitherto unique crystal structure\, consisting of ionic oxide layers based on edge-sharing FeO$_6$ and Sn$^{4+}$O$_6$ octah edra alternating with layers of intermetallic character based on FeSn$^{2+ }_6$ octahedra\, separated by covalent SiO$_4$ tetrahedra. The ionic layer s contain kagomé lattices of magnetic Fe$^{2+}$ cations (octahedral cryst al field\, high-spin [HS] d$^6$\, $S = 2$) with perfect trigonal symmetry\ ; while the intermetallic layers are non-magnetic because the Fe$^{2+}$ is in the low-spin ($S = 0$) state. The formula is more correctly written as Fe$_4$Si$_2$Sn$_7$O$_{16}$ to differentiate the one LS-Fe$^{2+}$ per form ula unit in the intermetallic layer from the three HS-Fe$^{2+}$ per formul a unit in the kagomé oxide layer. \n\nFe$_4$Si$_2$Sn$_7$O$_{16}$ also has a unique magnetic ground state below a Néel ordering temperature T$_N$ = 3.5 K\, in which the spins on 2/3 of the Fe$^{2+}$ sites in the kagomé o xide layers order antiferromagnetically\, while 1/3 remain disordered and fluctuating down to at least 0.1 K. The nature and origin of this unique “striped” partial spin-liquid state is unclear. The fact that it break s trigonal symmetry\, which the more conventional q = 0 or √3×√3 kago mé states would not\, raises the possibility that the anisotropic distrib ution of the 6 unpaired spins on HS-Fe$^{2+}$ (t$_{2g}^4$e$_g^2$) plays a role. To test this possibility\, we have now synthesised an isotropic anal ogue with a kagomé lattice of HS Mn$^{2+}$ (t$_{2g}^3$e$_g^2$)\, by co-su bstituting Ge$^{4+}$ for Si$^{4+}$ in the bridging/stannite layers to matc h the lattice dimensions between layers. \n\nWe found that FeMn$_3$Ge$_2$S n$_7$O$_{16}$ has the same "striped" magnetic ground state as Fe$_4$Si$_2$ Sn$_7$O$_{16}$\, in the same temperature range\, ruling out this explanati on. However\, the zero-field striped structure is collinear for FeMn$_3$Ge $_2$Sn$_7$O$_{16}$ vs. non-collinear for Fe$_4$Si$_2$Sn$_7$O$_{16}$\, whic h may indeed be a consequence of the change in anisotropy on the magnetic kagomé site\, and suggests that FeMn3Ge2Sn7O16 is an even more ideal spin -liquid candidate than Fe$_4$Si$_2$Sn$_7$O$_{16}$. We also found that an e xternal applied magnetic field lifts the degeneracy on the disordered site \, giving rise to another ordered magnetic structure never before observed nor predicted on a kagomé lattice.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/ event/102/contributions/3030/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3030/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Flexibility of Lipid Bilayer Membranes in Ionic Liquids DTSTART:20191202T051500Z DTEND:20191202T053000Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2985@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Shurui Miao (The University of Sydney)\, Michael Gra dzielski (Technical University of Berlin)\, Gregory Warr (The University o f Sydney)\, Ingo Hoffmann (Institut Laue-Langevin)\n\nIonic liquids (ILs) are a novel class of solvents with ultra-low vapour pressure and tunable l iquid properties. Among them\, protic ionic liquids (PILs) are particularl y effective solvents for self-assembly of surfactants and lipids into mice lles\, vesicles\, liquid crystals and microemulsions.[1-4] This is exempli fied by alkylammonium PILs\, which are also cheap\, easily-prepared and ca n be readily deuterated. Over the past decade\, much is learnt about the s tatic structure of many ethylammonium PILs\,[5] however\, virtually nothin g is known about their dynamics or of how the underlying nanostructure of the IL solvent affects the dynamic of amphiphile aggregates. In this work\ , we aim to reveal the effect of solvent nanostructure on flexibility of l ipid bilayers. We employed neutron spin echo spectroscopy (IN15\, ILL) to probe the mesoscopic undulation of Egg-PC membranes (1 wt% as vesicle disp ersions) in ethylammonium formate (EAF) and water. For the first time\, IN 15 is configured to perform dynamic measurements up to 1000 ns\, which is essential due to the much slower motion we observed in PILs. Through the c omparison between EAF and water\, we are able to elucidate the dominant fa ctor that affects membrane stiffness and stability in ILs\, and how EAF na nostructure contribute to the dynamics of large amphiphile aggregates.\n\n 1. M.U. Araos\, G.G. Warr\, J. Phys. Chem. B. 2005\, 109\, 14275-14277\n2. M.U. Araos\, G.G. Warr\, Langmuir 2008\, 24\, 9354-9360.\n3. R. Atkin and G.G. Warr\, J. Phys. Chem. B. 2007\, 111\, 9309-9316.\n4. S.J. Bryant\, K . Wood\, R. Atkin\, G.G. Warr Soft Matter 2017\, 13\, 1364-1370\n5. R. Hay es\, G.G. Warr\, R. Atkin Chem. Rev. 2015\, 115\, 6357-6426.\n\nhttps://ev ents.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2985/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2985/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Small-angle X-ray scattering as a quantitative screening tool: ini tial benchmarks across synchrotron beamlines DTSTART:20191202T070800Z DTEND:20191202T070900Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2948@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Po-chia Chen (EMBL Heidelberg)\, Janosch Hennig (EMB L Heidelberg)\, Kathryn Perez (EMBL Heidelberg)\, Pawel Masiewicz (EMBL He idelberg)\n\nThe process of ligand recognition can significantly alter the physical morphology of macromolecules\, as a part of their in-vivo functi on. These changes can be quantified via solution small-angle X-ray scatter ing (SAXS)\, a technique that provides structural information as a distrib ution of distances between all solute atoms. Measurements can be sufficien tly precise to detect small yet global conformational changes. In the cont ext of drug discovery\, this not only enables differentiation between agon ists and antagonists\, but also to derive effective binding affinities by extracting the population of bound and unbound receptors from the mixed sc attering intensities. However\, the current lack of extensive screening be nchmarks render it difficult to predict how informative this technique wil l be for an arbitrary system.\n\nTo help push things forward\, we selected the 26 kDa bacterial periplasmic protein HisBP as an initial benchmark\, and titrated its interactions with four ligands with *KD* values spanning 40 nM ~ 200 μM at multiple synchrotron beam-lines. These small-scale scre ening trials are found to be reproducible and transferable across the 96-w ell plate automated setups available on-site. Our current titration protoc ols allow structural differentiation between the native histidine-bound ve rsus decoy arginine-bound HisBP\, and quantitative *KD* predictions at rec eptor concentrations as low as 0.5 mg/ml (20 μM). The practical *KD* sens itivity range is bounded by receptor concentration and total measurement t ime\, which translates into effective limits on expected throughput within available beamtime. We hope to encourage broader testing so as to eventua lly establish a general protocol for SAXS-based screening.\n\nhttps://even ts.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2948/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2948/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Recent and future upgrades to the Kowari instrument DTSTART:20191202T070900Z DTEND:20191202T071000Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2950@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Mark Reid (ANSTO)\, Scott Olsen (ANSTO)\, Tai Nguyen (Ansto)\, Jason Christoforidis (ANSTO)\n\nThis poster will highlight some of the recent upgrades to the Kowari detector shroud and detail potential future upgrades to increase the accuracy and speed of sample positioning on the instrument.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contribu tions/2950/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2950/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Microbial factories to complement chemical synthesis of deuterated molecules. DTSTART:20191202T071000Z DTEND:20191202T071100Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2951@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Anwen Krause-Heuer (ANSTO)\, Rob Russell (ANSTO)\, T amim Darwish (ANSTO)\n\nDeuterated cholesterol is a classic example of nat ure providing an elegant alternative to chemical synthesis. The humble yea st used in bread and beer making has been engineered to produce pure chole sterol\, which can be deuterated to varying degrees by growth on the appro priate substrates. This complements our existing capability to synthesise a specific tail-deuterated form of cholesterol for use in membrane structu re and behaviour research.\nThe expanding range of molecules available fro m the National Deuteration Facility provide the contrast required for neut ron\, IR and NMR characterisation of complex systems. Microbial cellulose has been studied in conjunction with ionic liquids\, both of which can be produced in deuterated form.\nComplementing or utilising synthetically deu terated molecules\, yeast and algae are recent additions to our toolbox f or producing deuterated fatty acids\, sterols\, polysaccharides and other biopolymers.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/ 2951/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2951/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Charge Density Studies of Photo-redox Metal Complexes: An Experim ental Comparison of the Ground and Lowest Excited States. DTSTART:20191202T071100Z DTEND:20191202T071200Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2949@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: John McMurtrie (Queensland University of Technology (QUT))\, Jack Clegg (The University of Queensland)\, Alison Edwards (ACNS\ , ANSTO)\, Jacob Whittaker (The University of Queensland)\, Aidan Brock (Q ueensland University of Technology)\, Evan Moore (University of Queensland )\, Michael Pfrunder (University of Queensland)\n\nThe photo-induced trans fer of electrons (PET) forms the basis for biological and environmental pr ocesses fundamental to life\, including photosynthesis and atmospheric ozo ne generation.[1] It also underpins a range of vital technologies[2] such as photocatalysis\,[3] which has key applications in environmentally susta inable chemical manufacturing\, and a global market expected to reach AU $ 6.64 billion by 2025.[4] A thorough understanding of PET and the species involved will be of great benefit to the Australian chemicals industry.\n\ nOwing to their rich physical and chemical properties\, metal complexes ar e widely applicable for PET processes\, and accordingly account for the va st majority of available photocatalysts. As their functions arise through their ability to accept or donate electrons upon absorption of light\, kno wledge of the distribution of electronic charge over their structures in b oth the ground and in excited states is critical for understanding their b ehaviour. \n\nWhile significant theoretical efforts have been made to mode l their electronic structures\,[5] experimental data is rare. The collecti on of experimental data that reveals the distribution of electronic charge on photo-redox metal complexes is of paramount importance for the develop ment of a more complete understanding of their PET behaviour. \n\nCharge- density X-ray experiments combined with in situ photo-excitation provide a method of obtaining this experimental data in both ground and excited sta tes. High-quality single crystal neutron diffraction studies\, such as tho se possible using the KOALA beamline at the Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering\, are required for these measurements to establish the nuclear coordinates\, particularly the position of hydrogen atoms.\n\nOur current interest in this research is focused on elucidating the charge density str uctures of well-known photocatalysts such as tris-2\,2'-bipyridinerutheniu m(II) ([Ru(bpy)3]2+)[6] and tris[2-phenylpyridinato-C2\,N]iridium(III) ([I r(ppy)3]).[5a] Experiment design and preliminary data in this avenue of re search will be presented. \n\n1. B. Eliasson\, M. Hirth\, et al.\, J. Phys . D: Appl. Phys.\, 1987\, 20\, 1421-1437.\n2. (a)T. D. Ashton\, K. A. Joll iffe\, et al.\, Chem. Soc. Rev.\, 2015\, 44\, 4547-4595\; (b)A. Listorti\, B. O’Regan\, et al.\, Chem. Mater.\, 2011\, 23\, 3381-3399\; (c)A. Peri asamy\, Fluorescence resonance energy transfer microscopy: a mini review\, SPIE\, 2001.\n3. K. L. Skubi\, T. R. Blum\, et al.\, Chem. Rev.\, 2016\, 116\, 10035-10074.\n4. Grand View Research\, 2017.\n5. (a)B. J. Powell\, C oord. Chem. Rev.\, 2015\, 295\, 46-79\; (b)I. N. Mills\, J. A. Porras\, S. Bernhard\, Acc. Chem. Res.\, 2018\, 51(2)\, 352-364.\n6. (a)P. S. Brater man\, A. Harriman\, G. A. Heath and L. J. Yellowlees\, J. Chem. Soc.\ , Dalton Trans.\, 1983\, 1801-1803\; (b)G. A. Heath\, L. J. Yellowlees an d P. S. Braterman\, J. Chem. Soc.\, Chem. Commun.\, 1981\, 287-289\n\nht tps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2949/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2949/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:The BILBY small-angle neutron scattering instrument DTSTART:20191202T071200Z DTEND:20191202T071300Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2952@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Anna Sokolova (Australian Nuclear Science and Techno logy Organisation)\, Liliana de Campo (Australian Nuclear Science and Tech nology Organisation)\, Andrew Whitten (Australian Nuclear Science and Tech nology Organisation)\n\nBILBY [1] is a time-of-flight (ToF) small-angle ne utron scattering (SANS) instrument operated by the Australian Centre for N eutron Scattering (ACNS) at the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organsation (ANSTO). It entered the user program in 2016 and complements t he established SANS capability at the ACNS - the monochromatic pin-hole SA NS instrument QUOKKA [2] and the USANS instrument KOOKABURRA [3].\n\nUtili sing an array of position sensitive detectors and ToF\, BILBY can measure a large q-range in a single measurement (~0.001 - 1.8Å-1). This character istic makes BILBY well suited to the study of materials over time. Additio nally\, the choppers can be used to tune the wavelength resolution (Δλ/ λ) to values between approximately 3 - 30%. The high wavelength resolutio ns are well suited to the study of liquid crystals\, while the lower wavel ength resolutions are well suited to measurements where neutron flux is im portant\, such as a kinetic experiments.\n\nOver 30 peer reviewed articles that have utilised the BILBY SANS instrument are now published. Here\, we will present details regarding the instrument\, together with some scient ific highlights from the first few years of operation\n\n[1] A. Sokolova e t al\, J. Appl. Crystallogr. 52\, 1-12 (2019)\n[2] K.Wood et al\, J. Appl. Crystallogr. 51\, 294-341 (2018)\n[3] C. Rehm et al\, J. Appl. Crystallog r. 51\, 1-8 (2018)\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contribu tions/2952/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2952/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:In situ synchrotron PXRD study of the replacement of bornite under anoxic conditions DTSTART:20191202T071300Z DTEND:20191202T071400Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2956@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Muhammet Kartal (Murdoch University)\, Xizhi Yao (Mu rdoch University)\, Idowu Abiodun Adegoke (Murdoch University)\, Fang Xia (Murdoch University)\n\nBornite (Cu5FeS4) is the second most abundant Cu-b earing ore mineral\, and is found in a wide range of ore deposits. It is o ften altered in hydrothermal fluids by mineral replacement reactions\, for ming complex intergrowth textures with chalcopyrite (CuFeS2)\, digenite (C u1.8S)\, covellite (CuS)\, and chalcocite (Cu2S). Yet\, the mechanism and kinetics of the chemical reactions responsible for the alteration of borni te are still poorly understood. In this work\, the hydrothermal mineral re placement of bornite was monitored by synchrotron-based in situ powder X-r ay diffraction (PXRD) under anoxic conditions\, at the powder diffraction beamline at the Australian Synchrotron. By collecting time-resolved PXRD p atterns during the reactions\, direct information about the phase evolutio n was obtained and the fate of transient reaction intermediates was observ ed. This presentation reports the effects of temperature\, solution chemis try\, and reaction time on the mechanism and kinetics of bornite alteratio n. The results suggest that the reaction is faster in chloride-rich fluids \, and is generally promoted by increasing temperature and time. The outco mes of this study provide some insights into the mineralization in and aro und copper deposits.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contri butions/2956/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2956/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:SOI Thin Microdosimeter Detectors for Low Energy Ions and Radiatio n Damage Studies DTSTART:20191202T071400Z DTEND:20191202T071500Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2954@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Mark Reinhard\, Marco Povoli\, Zeljko Pastuovic (Cen tre for Accelerator Science of ANSTO)\, David Hinde\, Dale Prokopovich\, S usanna Guatelli\, Michael Lerch (University of Wollongong)\, Angela Kok\, James Vohradsky (UOW)\, Andrew Stuchbery\, Marco Petasecca\, David Bolst\, Alex Pogossov\, Vladimir Pan (University of Wollongong)\, Linh Tran (Cent re for Medical Radiation Physics\, University of Wollongong)\, Anatoly Ros enfeld\, Mahananda Dasgupta\, Benjamin James (UOW - CMRP)\, Madeline Carr\ , Vladimir Perevertaylo\n\nThe aim of this work was to study the applicabi lity of silicon microdosimeters for high LET ion measurements. The respons e and radiation damage of two silicon on insulator (SOI) 3D microdosimeter s developed by the Centre for Medical Radiation Physics (CMRP) were invest igated with a range of different low energy ions\, with high linear energy transfer (LET). The two microdosimeters n-SOI and p-SOI were irradiated w ith a number of different ions including $^{7}$Li\, $^{12}$C\, $^{16}$O an d $^{48}$Ti with ranges below 350 µm in silicon. \n\nThe two detectors us ed in this work are called the Bridge and the Mushroom. The Bridge microdo simeter is based on an array of planar 30 x 30 x 10 µm cubic SVs fabricat ed on a high resistivity of 3 kΩ.cm n-SOI active layer of thickness 10 µm and low resistivity supporting wafer [1]. The Mushroom microdosimeter structure used in this work is called a trenched 3D and it consists of 3D cylindrical SVs with a core columnar n+ region and each SV is surrounded w ith p+ trench to form a p-n junction. The Mushroom microdosimeter has a th ickness of 9.1 um and diameter of 30 µm fabricated on high resistivity p- type silicon (> 10 kΩ.cm). \n\nUsing a specially generated low intensit y beam (beam fluence of approximately 1200 particles/s)\, irradiations wer e conducted at The Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) at the Australian National University using both the Bridge and Mushroom 3D microdosimeters . Radiation damage of the Bridge and Mushroom microdosimeters was studied using the ion beam induced charge collection technique (IBIC) at the 6 MV accelerator SIRIUS\, located at the Centre for Accelerator Science (CAS) f acility at ANSTO. This system includes a Confocal Heavy Ion Micro-Probe (C HIMP) which is capable of delivering Carbon\, Helium and Hydrogen ions wit h energies of 24 MeV\, 5.5 MeV and 8 MeV\, respectively.\n\nResults presen ted will show that no plasma effects were seen in the SOI microdosimeters when irradiated with the high LET ions. A Monte Carlo simulation using Gea nt4 was compared to the experimental measurements\, whereby some discrepan cies were observed for heavier ions at lower energies. This discrepancy ca n be partly attributed to uncertainties in the thickness of the energy deg raders and overlayers of the devices. The radiation hardness of the two de vices was studied using the Ion Beam Induced Charge Collection technique ( IBIC). Charge buildup was seen outside of the SV in the SiO$_2$ layer afte r irradiation\, however both types of microdosimeters when biased had no e ssential changes in charge collection efficiency (CCE) in the SV after irr adiation with low energy ions. IBIC results for both detector types will b e presented in full\n\nReferences:\n[1] L. T. Tran\, L. Chartier\, D. Bols t\, et al.\, “3D silicon microdosimetry and rbe study using $^{12}$C ion of different energies\,” IEEE Trans Nucl Sci\, vol. 62\, no. 6\, pp. 30 27–3033\, Dec 2015.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contr ibutions/2954/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2954/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Characterisation of Rhodium and Iridium Hybrid Catalysts by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy DTSTART:20191202T071500Z DTEND:20191202T071600Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2955@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Vinicius Gonçales (UNSW)\, James Downes (Macquarie University)\, Indrek Pernik (Macquarie University)\, Barbara Messerle (Un iversity of Sydney)\, Sinead Keaveney (Macquarie University)\, Max Roemer (Macquarie University)\n\nTransition-metal catalysis is ubiquitous in synt hetic chemistry and among the most important processes in the chemical ind ustry. Surface immobilised transition metal catalysts\, known as hybrid ca talysts\, combine the efficiency of heterogeneous- and the selectivity of homogenous catalysts. Advantages of hybrid catalysts over traditional homo geneous analogues are stability and simplified removal of the catalyst fro m the reaction mixture\, which provides access to urgently needed more eff icient and greener processes.$^1$ Here\, we present a series of new hybrid rhodium- and iridium based pyrazole-triazole (PyT) complexes attached to carbon black (CB) with varying tether lengths. The synthesis of the long a lkyl chain ligands was accomplished through tin mediated acylation of arom atic systems$^2$ and Click-chemistry\, giving the PyT-group. This was foll owed by metal coordination\, affording the Rh- and Ir-complexes. The catal ysts are anchored to the surface via a phenyl group\, which is connected t o an alkyl linker of varying lengths bearing the catalytically active meta l complex as head group. We immobilised the catalysts on CB using radical methodology. Initially\, we optimised grafting conditions to gain control over the metal loading on the surface. Furthermore\, we attached both rho dium- and iridium catalysts simultaneously to obtain heterobimetallic mixe d layers.$^3$ The developed hybrid catalysts were analysed using a number of techniques\, including SEM/EDX\, XPS.\nThe hybrid catalysts were all fo und to be efficient catalysts that were robust and recyclable. In particul ar\, they promote the hydrosilylation of phenylacetylene\, generating a mi xture of the $\\beta$(*E*)\,-$\\beta$(*Z*) and $\\alpha$ and isomers of th e respective silylated alkenes. Interestingly\, the homogeneous Rh complex es give a mixture of all isomers\, while the same Rh complexes immobilised on CB are selective for the $\\alpha$-isomer. In contrast\, both the homo geneous and hybrid Ir complexes give the $\\beta$(*Z*)-isomer. XAS measure ments were performed at the Australian Synchrotron to probe possible surfa ce effects influencing the catalytic activity of the hybrid catalysts. We recorded EXAFS spectra of the monometallic and heterobimetallic hybrid com plexes at the Rh K- and Ir L3-edges\, respectively\, providing an addition al tool for probing surface effects in catalysis. \n\n\nReferences\n\n1. W ong\, C. M.\; Walker\, D. B.\; Soeriyadi\, A. H.\; Gooding\, J. J.\; Messe rle\, B. A. Chem. Sci. 2016\, 7 (3)\, 1996-2004.\n2. Chen\, X.\; Roemer\, M.\; Yuan\, L.\; Du\, W.\; Thompson\, D.\; del Barco\, E.\; Nijhuis\, C. A . Nat. Nanotechnol. 2017\, 12 (8)\, 797-803.\n3. Binding\, S. C.\; Pernik\ , I.\; Gonçales\, V. R.\; Wong\, C. M.\; Webster\, R. F.\; Cheong\, S.\; Tilley\, R. D.\; Garcia-Bennett\, A. E.\; Gooding\, J. J.\; Messerle\, B. A. Organometallics 2019\, 38 (4)\, 780-787.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron. org.au/event/102/contributions/2955/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2955/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Microsecond-resolved look at the very early stages of quantum dot formation DTSTART:20191202T000000Z DTEND:20191202T002000Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3043@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Andreas Magerl (University Erlangen-Nürnberg)\n\nTo access the very early stages of nucleation and growth of nanoparticles in liquid media\, we have developed a novel setup\, where the reactants push ed by high power syringe pumps through a Y-shaped micromixer are immediate ly liberated as a free jet. With synchrotron X-ray scattering\, this provi des access to chemical reaction times as short as 10 µs. Diffraction data with CdS as a prototype example for quantum dot formation show a three-st ep pathway. Between 10 and 2500 µs\, the CdS quantum dot formation starts with a rapid formation of primary clusters driven by the fast diffusion o f cadmium and sulphur ions. Further particle growth is by cluster attachme nt. At this early stage\, the particles are not yet crystalline. This reac tion pathway is supported by ab initio theoretical calculations.\n\nhttps: //events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3043/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3043/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Quantification of thermal neutron fluence in high-energy LINAC rad iotherapy for quality assurance dose enhancement DTSTART:20191202T071700Z DTEND:20191202T071800Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2960@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Anatoly Rosenfeld (University of Wollongong)\, Zeljk o Pastuovic (Centre for Accelerator Science of ANSTO)\, Linh Tran (Centre for Medical Radiation Physics\, University of Wollongong)\, Benjamin James (UOW - CMRP)\, Vladimir Pan (University of Wollongong)\n\nRadiotherapy ba sed treatment involving a linear accelerator (LINAC) is one of the most wi dely used treatment modalities for cancer patients. LINACs utilize a high energy photon beam to penetrate the body and deliver a pre-determined dose to the tumour. However when LINAC energies greater than 10MV are used dur ing treatment\, photo neutrons are produced through nuclear interactions w ithin the LINAC and its components. These neutrons are capable of deliveri ng large amounts of damage through indirect methods to undesirable regions of the body. This effect increases the risk for induction of a secondary cancer due to unwanted exposure.\n\nWhile photo neutrons produced by a LIN AC are inevitable\, their high damaging capabilities are of high interest. An investigation is carried out within this study towards determining whe ther Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) techniques can be implemented in addition to a radiotherapy treatment. This technique can aid in administe ring additional dose to a tumour thus increasing the probability of a succ essful treatment. This work presents a new direction towards experiments e valuating the possible damage that can be caused due to BNCT during a radi otherapy treatment.\n\nThis study examines the effectiveness of a silicon on insulator (SOI) microdosimeter developed by the Centre of Medical and R adiation Physics (CMRP) known as the Bridge\, in determining microdosimetr ic quantities such as the dose equivalent (H) and relative biological effe ctiveness (RBE) in a mixed photon-neutron radiation field. Cell uptake of a {10}^B compound is modelled through the use of a {10}^B_{4}C thin film c onverter. The radiobiological properties neutrons possess outside the trea tment field are determined in this work. Implementing microdosimetric tec hniques\, it was found that for a distance of 50cm from isocenter\, the do se equivalent is approximately 0.14mSv/photon-Gy with an RBE10 value of 1. 6 for cells with a modelled {10}^B uptake. For a patient undergoing a head and neck treatment procedure\, this can correspond to an integral dose of 9.8mSv to just the abdominal region during a 70Gy radiotherapy treatment. \n\nThis work also explores a newly developed SOI device designed by CMRP that will further aid in investigating the effect BNC techniques may have within the body. The “mushroom” microdosimeter is a 3D device with fre e standing sensitive volumes (SVs) called “mushrooms”. Utilizing 3D mi cro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology at SINTEF\, Norway\, as w ell as deep reactive ion etching (DRIE)\, these 3D sensitive volumes posse ss outstanding energy resolution. Each SV is 2µm in thickness allowing fo r an accurate determination of the lineal energy in a mixed radiation fiel d\, such as the one present in a high energy LINAC. These devices have bee n characterized in terms of their charge collection efficiency (CCE) utili zing an ion beam induced charge (IBIC) collection technique with 1.78MeV a nd 5.5MeV He^{2+} ions at the 6MV SIRIUS accelerator located at ANSTO. The reduced SV thickness of the mushroom microdosimeter when compared to the 10µm thick Bridge microdosimeter used in this work\, will aid in addressi ng some of the issues that arose during this study.\n\nhttps://events.sync hrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2960/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2960/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:The capabilities of the cold-neutron triple-axis spectrometer SIKA at ANSTO DTSTART:20191202T071800Z DTEND:20191202T071900Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2958@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Shinichiro Yano (NSRRC)\, Chun-Ming Wu (NSRRC)\, Pen g Hanz (NSRRC)\, Kirrily Rule (ANSTO)\, Guochu Deng (Australian Nuclear Sc ience and Technology Organization)\n\nSIKA\, the new cold-neutron triple-a xis spectrometer was built on the CG4 beam port at the OPAL reactor\, ANST O. We report the capabilities and current status of SIKA in this users mee ting. A versatile instrument\, SIKA provides sample environments with temp erature capacities from dilution temperatures below 50 mK up to 750 K\, an d magnetic fields of up to 12 T\, using the well-developed control and ana lysis software based on SPICE. Several scientific examples demonstrating t he proficiency of SIKA are reported such as\;observation of higher harmoni cs of the helical magnetic phase of MnP as an example of elastic magnetics cattering\; measurement of the phonon-dispersion in Al with the estimated slope of the transverse acoustic phonon at 32.4meV\; the spin-wave dispers ion in MnF$_2$ along the c-axis enabling determination of exchange paramet ers J$_1$ = 0.0305 meV\, J$_2$ = -0.1534meV and\, D = 0.1427 meV\; and obs ervation of one of the crystal field excitations from Pr$^{3+}$ in PrFeO$^ 3$ powder. These results can help you to estimate beam time of experiments for your proposals.\nFinally\, we discuss recent development of SIKA. A $ ^{3}$He polarization analysis system will be ready for SIKA to perform pol arized neutron scattering experiments in 2020. SIKA will also be able to a ccommodate a RITA-type multiple-analyzer system to perform experiments mor e efficiently by 2020.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/cont ributions/2958/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2958/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Wombat – the high intensity diffractometer at OPAL DTSTART:20191202T071900Z DTEND:20191202T072000Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2963@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Andrew Studer (ANSTO)\, James Hester (ANSTO)\, Chin- Wei Wang (NSRRC)\, Vanessa Peterson (ANSTO)\, Helen Maynard-Casely (Austra lian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation)\n\nWombat is a high inte nsity neutron diffractometer located in the OPAL Neutron Guide Hall. It is primarily used as a high-speed powder diffractometer\, but has also expan ded into texture characterisation and single-crystal measurement\, particu larly diffuse scattering. The high performance comes from the combination of the best area detector ever constructed for neutron diffraction with t he largest beam guide yet put into any research reactor and a correspondin gly large crystal monochromator\, all combine with the centre’s polarisa tion capability to provide an instrument which is unique within the Southe rn hemisphere. \n \nWombat has been used to explore a broad range of mate rials\, including: novel hydrogen-storage materials\, negative-thermal-exp ansion materials\, methane-ice clathrates\, piezoelectrics\, high performa nce battery anodes and cathodes\, high strength alloys\, multiferroics\, s uperconductors and novel magnetic materials. Our poster will highlight bot h the capacity of the instrument\, and some recent results.\n\nhttps://eve nts.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2963/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2963/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Crystallisation of Lipids at the Oil/Water Interface DTSTART:20191202T072000Z DTEND:20191202T072100Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2962@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Stephanie V. MacWilliams (University of South Austra lia)\, Marta Krasowska (University of South Australia)\, Andrew J. Clulow (Monash University)\, Damien A. Sebben (University of South Australia)\, M att Golding (Massey University)\, David A. Beattie (University of South Au stralia)\, Benjamin J. Boyd (Monash University)\, Vamsee Ulagathan (Unive rsity of South Australia)\, Graeme Gillies (Fonterra Research and Developm ent Centre)\n\nCrystallisation of lipids at the oil/water interface plays a significant role in the stability of emulsion systems [1\, 2]. This is r egardless of whether the emulsion is composed of lipids in the continuous or dispersed phase. Interfacial crystallisation is of particular interest for dairy products\, as emulsified lipids undergo crystallisation upon coo ling during production and storage. Lipid crystals also play an important role in the structure and texture of dairy products. Despite the influence of crystals at the oil/water interface on emulsions systems\, factors inf luencing crystal interfacial activity are not well understood. \n\nThe w ork to be presented has the aim of understanding the effect of thermal cyc ling\, ionic strength\, and the type of surface active molecules on interf acial activity and structure of lipid crystals at the oil/water interface. The oil and aqueous phases were chosen in order to mimic a model dairy sy stem. Profile analysis tensiometry (PAT) has been used\, as the technique allows for the monitoring of the kinetics of interfacial tension in respon se to temperature changes. The temperature at which interfacially active l ipid crystals are formed has been determined from those experiments. It ca n be concluded that both the addition of surfactant and the surfactant typ e alter the interfacial tension profiles for heating and cooling cycles co mpared to the pure system. Synchrotron small angle X-ray scattering was co nducted on emulsion systems to study the formation\, growth and structure of lipid crystals\, following a temperature cycling regime similar to that conducted with PAT. \n\n\nReferences\n1. Douaire\, M.\, et al.\, Fat crys tallisation at oil–water interfaces. Advances in colloid and interface s cience\, 2014. 203: p. 1-10.\n2. Rousseau\, D.\, Fat crystals and emulsion stability—a review. Food Research International\, 2000. 33(1): p. 3-14. \n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2962/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2962/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Using Neutron Reflectometry to Understand Antibiotic Resistance in Gram-negative Bacteria at the Outer Membrane DTSTART:20191202T043000Z DTEND:20191202T044500Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2986@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Hsin-Hui Shen (Monash Univeristy)\, Seong Hoong Chow (Monash University)\, Tony Velkov (Monash University)\, Jian Li (Monash U niversity)\, Anton Le Brun (ANSTO)\, Meiling Han (Monash University)\n\nWi th bacteria increasingly becoming resistant to common antibiotics\, we are currently heading for a post-antibiotic world\, where treatable common al iments are suddenly untreatable. This means that there is now considerable research effort in understanding how antibiotic resistance arises\, and i n creating a new generation antibiotics. The outer membrane is the first l ine of defence against antibiotics for Gram-negative bacteria. Being able to penetrate the outer membrane is essential to designing effective antibi otics and antimicrobial peptides. The outer membrane is an asymmetric bila yer consisting of phospholipids on its lower leaflet and lipopolysaccharid es on its environment-facing outer leaflet. This work will present on crea ting model outer membranes from Pseudomonas aeruginosa\, a bacterium that is normally harmless\, but infections from which can prove to be problemat ic for those that are immunocompromised. Worryingly\, P. aeruginosa is sho wing increasing signs of becoming resistant to Polymixin B\, an antibiotic of last resort. Certain biochemical modifications to lipid A (a component of lipopolysaccharides) can confer resistance to Polymixin B in P. aerugi nosa strains. Model P. aeruginosa outer membranes using lipid A with diffe rent modifications were created on silica surfaces using Langmuir-Blodgett and Langmuir-Schaefer deposition techniques. Model outer membranes create d this way are ideal tools for studying the binding antimicrobial peptides because: a) they reflect the lipid composition of the membrane\, b) refle ct the fluidity of the membrane\, and c) maintain the asymmetric nature of the outer membrane. The nanoscale structures of the membranes were determ ined using neutron reflectometry and it was observed that Polymixin B was unable to penetrate into bilayers that consist of de-acylated lipid A. New drug targets Octapeptin A3 [1]\, and modified Polymixins FADDI-019 and FA DDI-020 [2] were tested and found to disrupt membranes composed of modifie d lipid A which confer resistance to Polymixin B.\n\n[1] M.-L. Han et al.\ , ACS Infect. Dis. 3\, 606 (2017)\n[2] M.-L. Han et al.\, ACS Chem. Biol. 13\, 121 (2018)\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributio ns/2986/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2986/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Trace element speciation and incorporation in iron oxides within m ineral processing residues DTSTART:20191202T072100Z DTEND:20191202T072200Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2964@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Grace Scullett-Dean (University of Western Australia )\, Oxana Repina\, Talitha Santini (University of Western Australia)\, Jes sica Hamilton (Australian Synchrotron (ANSTO))\n\nIron oxides make up a la rge proportion of mineral processing residues and play an important role i n hosting trace elements through either surface adsorption or isomorphous substitution. Mineral processing residues can contain elevated concentrati ons of trace metals such as As\, Cr\, Mo\, V and Zn\, most likely associat ed with iron oxides\, and which pose challenges to successful remediation. Therefore\, understanding the fundamental mechanisms of incorporation of these trace metals within iron oxides is of importance for understanding t heir speciation and mobility in residues throughout the remediation proces s. The present study investigated the incorporation of single and multiple metals (Al\, As\, Cr\, Mo\, V and Zn) into synthetic goethites and hemati tes. Element concentrations were quantified by a mixed acid digest followe d by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy. Structures were characterised by synchrotron X-ray diffraction\, and changes in unit- cell dimensions upon substitution of trace metals were quantified using th e Rietveld method in TOPAS. The speciation of redox-sensitive substituents was characterised by X-ray Absorption Near Edge Spectroscopy. Preferentia l incorporation of trace elements was observed\, and the incorporation of metals was shown to alter unit cell dimensions of the synthetic iron oxide s. The presence of metals also influenced crystal morphology\, surface pro perties and chemical stability of the iron oxides. Results from this work are expected to provide insights into the structure\, behaviour\, and prop erties of iron oxides within mineral processing residues and the broader e nvironment.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2 964/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2964/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Structure-property relationship and structural dynamics of layered transition metal oxides for sodium-ion battery applications DTSTART:20191202T072300Z DTEND:20191202T072400Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2967@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Emily Cheung (University of New South Wales)\, Henri k Lyder Andersen (University of New South Wales)\, Lisa Djuandhi (UNSW)\, Neeraj Sharma (UNSW)\n\nIn recent years\, the family of layered sodium-con taining transition metal oxides\, NaxMO2\, where *M*=Ti\, V\, Cr\, Mn\, F e\, Co\, Ni (or mixture of 2-3 of these elements)\, have attracted a great deal of attention due to their fascinating electronic\, chemical and mech anical properties.[1\, 2] Notably\, NaxMn1-yMyO2\, where M=Fe\, Ni\, Mg\, Ti\, are amongst the leading cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries (S IBs).[3] SIBs are particularly interesting\, as they represent a low cost alternative to the ubiquitous lithium-ion batteries\, owing to the larger abundance of sodium in the earth’s crust. At ambient conditions\, the Na xMO2 compounds adopt various structural polymorphs (i.e. the so called O2- \, O3-\, P2- and P3-type structures) depending on the constituent transiti on metal(s)\, M\, and the Na content.[4] Interestingly\, the P2-type mater ials typically exhibit a higher capacity and cycle life\, while the O2-typ e delivers a higher operating voltage.[5\, 6] Recent determinations of the Na diffusion coefficient in these materials yield differences of up to fi ve orders of magnitude depending on phase\, composition and experimental t echnique.[7] It has been proposed that the electrochemical differences may be related to a higher Na-ion mobility in the P2-type structure\, due to the presence of a more energetically favorable migration pathway.[8] In th e present work\, the structure\, structural dynamics and electrochemical p roperties of P2-type Na0.67Mn0.8M0.2O2\, M=Mg2+\, Fe3+\, Ti4+\, are propos ed to be investigated. In particular\, the effect of the imposed change i n Mn oxidation state as a result of the different valences of the substitu ted transition metals\, M\, and the associated variation in Jahn-Teller di stortions from the Mn3+ ions in the structure is examined. In addition\, t he ability of crystal water to alter the Na diffusion rates by tuning the interlayer distances in the structure in hydrated versions of the compound s\, Na0.67Mn0.8M0.2O2·yH2O\, will be studied. \n\n[1] J. W. Fergus\, J. E ur. Ceram. Soc.\, 2012\, 32\, 525-540.\n[2] K. Takada\, H. Sakurai\, E. Ta kayama-Muromachi\, F. Izumi\, R. A. Dilanian and T. Sasaki\, Nature\, 2003 \, 422\, 53-55.\n[3] R. J. Clement\, P. G. Bruce and C. P. Grey\, J. Elect rochem. Soc.\, 2015\, 162\, A2589-A2604.\n[4] M. H. Han\, E. Gonzalo\, G. Singh and T. Rojo\, Energy Environ. Sci.\, 2015\, 8\, 81-102.\n[5] J. Bill aud\, G. Singh\, A. R. Armstrong\, E. Gonzalo\, V. Roddatis\, M. Armand\, T. Rojob and P. G. Bruce\, Energy Environ. Sci.\, 2014\, 7\, 1387-1391.\n[ 6] N. Yabuuchi\, R. Hara\, M. Kajiyama\, K. Kubota\, T. Ishigaki\, A. Hosh ikawa and S. Komaba\, Adv. Energy Mater.\, 2014\, 4\, 1301453.\n[7] N. A. Katcho\, J. Carrasco\, D. Saurel\, E. Gonzalo\, M. Han\, F. Aguesse and T. Rojo\, Adv. Energy Mater.\, 2017\, 7\, 1601477.\n[8] N. Yabuuchi\, K. Kub ota\, M. Dahbi and S. Komaba\, Chem. Rev.\, 2014\, 114\, 11636-11682.\n\nh ttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2967/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2967/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Protein-Eye View of the in Meso Crystallization Mechanism DTSTART:20191203T001500Z DTEND:20191203T003000Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2987@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Leonie van 't Hag (Monash University)\, Liliana de C ampo (Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering\, Australian Nuclear Scienc e and Technology Organization (ANSTO))\, Charlotte Conn (RMIT)\n\nUndersta nding the behavior of the protein within the nanostructured lipid mesophas e is crucial for evolving biological and biomedical applications of hybrid protein-lipid materials. After more than two decades since the invention of the *in meso* crystallization method for membrane proteins\, a protein- eye view of its mechanism is still lacking. Structural studies have sugges ted that integral membrane proteins partition at localized flat points on the bilayer surface of the cubic phase and that crystal growth occurs from a local fluid lamellar phase conduit. However\, studies to date have focu sed on structural transitions occurring in the lipid mesophase. Here\, it was shown using small-angle neutron scattering that the lipid bilayer of m onoolein (the most commonly used lipid for biological and biomedical appli cations) can be contrast-matched using deuteration\, allowing isolation of scattering from encapsulated peptides during the crystal growth process f or the first time. During *in meso* crystallization\, a clear decrease in form factor scattering intensity of the peptides was observed and directly correlated with crystal growth. A transient fluid lamellar phase was obse rved\, providing direct evidence for the proposed mechanism for this techn ique. This suggests that the peptide passes through a transition from the cubic phase\, via a fluid lamellar phase to the lamellar crystalline phase with similar layered spacing. When high protein loading was possible\, th e lamellar crystalline phase of the peptide in the single crystals was obs erved. These findings show the mechanism of *in meso* crystallization for the first time from the perspective of integral membrane proteins. The use d time-of-flight (BILBY) SANS method with contrast-matching opens up the p ossibility to study hybrid protein-lipid materials for pharmaceutical\, fo od and biological applications. \n\n**Reference**: Leonie van 't Hag\, Lil iana de Campo\, Nhiem Tran\, Anna Sokolova\, Raphael Trenker\, Matthew E. Call\, Melissa J. Call\, Christopher J. Garvey\, Anna E. Leung\, Tamim A. Darwish\, Anwen Krause-Heuer\, Robert Knott\, Thomas G. Meikle\, Calum J. Drummond\, Raffaele Mezzenga\, and Charlotte E. Conn\, Langmuir\, 2019\, 3 5(25)\, 8344-8356.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contribu tions/2987/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2987/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:The Electronic and Vibrational Structure Of Lanthanide Zirconates DTSTART:20191202T003500Z DTEND:20191202T005000Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2971@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Catherine Stampfl (The University of Sydney)\, Richa rd Clements\, Anton Stampfl (Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Org anisation)\n\nThe lanthanide zirconates are of interest for their use in i nert matrix fuels and as nuclear wasteform containment material. For use in these applications\, the material's structure must be as resistant as p ossible to radiation damage\, and\, therefore\, at a basic level\, presen t an electronic and vibrational structure with thermodynamic and mechanica l properties that are favourable to long term structural stability under h arsh radiation environments. The rare earth zirconates are interesting mo del systems to explore such problems. This study finds that in these mater ials the *f*-electrons play a localized-valence decisive role in determini ng their thermo-mechanical properties making them an intriguing model for the interplay between the localised and delocalised valence nature of such oxide materials\, the full understanding of which may also lead to novel material development. The *f*-electronic structure has\, however\, histori cally proved rather difficult to model. The full series of lanthanide zi rconates was synthesised using solid state techniques and a variety of neu tron and synchrotron experiments performed to study the electronic and vib rational structure of this series. In conjunction with a density function al theory (DFT) model\, the electronic and vibrational structure is determ ined and the role of the 4 *f* electrons to the stability of these interes ting materials studied. Unlike the lanthanide titanate series\, the interp lay between electronic and vibrational character plays the decisive role i n determining the fate of the materials stability.\n\nhttps://events.synch rotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2971/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2971/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:In-situ X-ray powder diffraction for Li-ion batteries: The effects of Ni on inhibiting the separation of Cu during the lithiation and delith iation of Cu6Sn5 anodes DTSTART:20191202T002000Z DTEND:20191202T003500Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2970@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Xin Fu Tan (University of Queensland)\, Kazuhiro Nog ita (The University of Queensland)\, Stuart McDonald (The University of Qu eensland)\, Qinfen Gu (Australian Synchrotron (ANSTO))\n\nLithium-ion batt eries have found numerous applications in modern technologies\, especially in portable devices\, and increasingly in electric vehicles and renewable energy storage applications. Sn-based lithium-ion battery anodes have a h igher theoretical storage capacity of 993 mAh g-1 vs. 372 mAh g-1 compared to commercial carbon-based anodes. Their better safety profile due to a l ower risk of lithium dendrite formation is also desirable. However\, Sn-ba sed anodes suffer from inferior cycling performance due to the enormous st resses during the lithiation and delithiation process. Alloying Sn with Cu can reduce the reaction stresses in the anode\, as Cu does not react with Li\, and acts as a stress buffer. Cu6Sn5 is therefore a promising candida te material to replace carbon-based anodes. However\, the separation of Cu during the second stage of the lithiation reaction limits the kinetics an d degrades the cyclability of the anodes. This study proposes an effective method of inhibiting the separation of Cu via the addition of Ni. Ni occu pies the Cu positions in the Cu6Sn5 crystal structures to form (Cu\, Ni)6S n5\, and therefore alters the crystal structure of the anode\, leading to the formation of superstructures that were identified using the Australian Synchrotron PD beamline. As a result\, Ni partially blocks the diffusion pathways of Li and therefore inhibits the Cu separation reaction\, while t he superstructure provides additional Li storage sites to increase the cap acity of the anodes.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contri butions/2970/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2970/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Radiation Damage Characterisation of Organic Semiconductors DTSTART:20191202T005000Z DTEND:20191202T010500Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2972@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Marco Petasecca (University of Wollongong)\, Paul Se llin (University of Surrey)\, Justin B. Davies (Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation)\, Jeremy Davis (University of Wollongong)\, Jessie Posar\n\nThe radiation damage of a fullerene-composite bulk heteroj unction organic photodetector was characterised for samples that have been exposed to ionising radiation in increments of 10kGy up to a total accumu lated irradiation dose of 40kGy. Irradiation was achieved by a cobalt-60 g amma source (dose rate = 1.2kGy/h) at the Australian Nuclear Science and T echnology Organisation. Between each irradiation the Charge Collection Eff iciency of the photodetector was measured using an LED (520nm) in a dark e nvironment. Normalised to the Charge Collection Efficiency prior to irradi ation\, the response after exposure to 40kGy decreased by 40%. The mobilit y of a photodetector exposed to 40kGy was compared to an un-irradiated sam ple via the Time-of-Flight method. A picosecond pulsed laser incident upon the sample was used to inject photo-generated charge carriers within the bulk. The measurement of the carrier transient was used to obtain the carr ier drift time of the organic photodetector. The drift time at 20V bias wa s determined to be (2.727 ± 0.002)μs and (1.525 ± 0.002)μs for the pho todetectors exposed to 0 and 40kGy\, respectively. The decrease in drift t ime due to the accumulated radiation damage is associated with a lower cha rge collection efficiency. Calculation of the drift mobility shows an incr ease in carrier mobility as a function of radiation damage. This result co mbined with the drift time measurements suggests that the effective thickn ess of the device varies as a function of total ionising dose. This effect can be explained by hypothesising a high recombination rate of the irradi ated devices and their capability to collect charge carriers only from reg ions close to the electrodes. A shorter lifetime of the charge carriers in the highly irradiated device is suggested to explain the faster rise and fall time of the transient time. The Charge Collection Efficiency and Time -of-Flight method have provided valuable insight into the effects of radia tion damage upon the charge transport characteristics of organic compounds .\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2972/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2972/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Architectural and Structural Designs of Mo-CeO2-x Heterostructures To Achieve High Theoretical Capacitance DTSTART:20191202T000000Z DTEND:20191202T002000Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2973@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Yuan Wang (School of Chemistry UNSW Sydney)\, Alan C en (School of Materials Science and Engineering UNSW Sydney)\, Madhura Man ohar (Centre for Accelerator Science ANSTO)\, Pramod Koshy (School of Mate rials Science and Engineering UNSW)\, Claudio Cazorla (School of Materials Science and Engineering UNSW Sydney)\, Sajjad Seifi Mofarah (School of Ma terials Science and Engineering UNSW Sydney)\, Charles Christopher Sorrell (School of Materials Science and Engineering UNSW Sydney)\, Yin Yao (Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre\, UNSW Sydney)\, Armand Atanacio (Centre for Accelerator Science ANSTO )\n\nTailoring the nanostructure of a supercapa citor with desired functionality necessitates both architectural and struc tural designs. Ultrathin two-dimensional architecture has emerged as one of the most promising candidates owing to the advantage of short diffusion pathways. Moreover\, structural modifications through creation of expose d defects at the electrolyte intersection would maximise the charge storag e performance. In this work\, architecturally and structurally designed f ree-standing 2D CeO2-x\, with ultrahigh surface area of 270 m2/g with volu metric oxygen vacancy was fabricated on nickel foam using chronoamperometr ic electrodeposition. The novel 2D CeO2-x were assessed for pseudocapacit ive performance revealing an extremely high value of 582 F/g (scan rate 1 mV/s) that exceeds the theoretical capacitance of CeO2 (562 F/g). Further structural optimisation was conducted by implantation of molybdenum (Mo) at different fluences on the CeO2-x resulting in Mo-CeO2-x hybrid nanostru cture. This unique nanostructure exhibited enhanced gravimetric capacitan ce of 746 F/g with high charge/discharge stability of 98% after 2500 cycle s. In addition\, ab-initio DFT and ex-situ XPS results revealed the role of oxygen vacancies in enhancing the capacitance of CeO2-x\, thereby revea ling a new mechanism route for dual-valence metal oxides.\n\nhttps://event s.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2973/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2973/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:BioSAXS: the new solution scattering beamline at the Australian Sy nchrotron DTSTART:20191202T031500Z DTEND:20191202T033000Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3025@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Christina Kamma-Lorger (Lead Scientist BioSAXS)\, Ni gel Kirby (Australian Synchrotron)\, Adrian Hawley (Australian Synchrotron )\, Tim Ryan (Australian Synchrotron\, Clayton\, Australia)\n\nThe BioSAXS beamline is one of the new beamlines to be constructed at the Australian Synchrotron within the BRIGHT program. BioSAXS will be dedicated to perfor m solution small angle scattering (SAXS) experiments\, offering access to a variety of researchers from Australia and New Zealand. Solution SAXS ex periments continue to be a growing area of the current Australian Synchrot ron SAXS/WAXS operations\, particularly in regard to protein and DNA/RNA s tructure\, polymer solutions\, nanoparticles and liquid crystal phases. I n addition\, the structural biology and soft matter work comprise some of the most productive areas of research in the Australian Synchrotron scatte ring community. The BioSAXS beamline will allow highly radiation sensitive samples to be studied using unprecedented levels of flux\, using the CoFl ow sample environment\, a pioneering development of the Australian Synchro tron. The BioSAXS beamline aims to accommodate most solution SAXS experime nts for a wide range of particle sizes by offering a q-range of ~ 0.001 – 3 Å-1\, with low instrument background and an optical design optimize d for high flux (>1014 ph/s) x-rays and a focused beam size of 0.3 mm (H) x 0.03 mm (V). The implementation of BioSAXS beamline\, in conjunction w ith the existing SAXS/WAXS beamline\, will ensure that the SAXS offering a t the Australian Synchrotron is at the forefront of world leading SAXS mea surements.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/30 25/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3025/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Investigation of the stability range of the skyrmion phase in dope d Cu$_2$OSeO$_3$ DTSTART:20191202T010500Z DTEND:20191202T012000Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2974@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Y. Zhu (Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Scien ces Department\, Brookhaven National Laboratory\,)\, Clemens Ulrich (The U niversity of New South Wales)\, Gaurav Vats (The University of New South W ales)\, M.-G. Han (Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Sciences Departm ent\, Brookhaven National Laboratory)\, Oleg Sushkov (University of New So uth Wales)\, Tilo Soehnel (The University of Auckland)\, Jorge Arturo Sauc eda Flores (University of New South Wales)\, Yaroslav Kharkov (UNSW)\, Ros anna Rov (University of Auckland)\, Jan Seidel (The University of New Sout h Wales)\n\nA skyrmion is a topological stable particle-like object compar able to spin vortex at the nanometre scale. It consists of an about 50 nm large spin rotation which order in a 2 dimensional\, typically hexagonal s uperstructure perpendicular to an applied external magnetic field. Its dyn amics has links to flux line vortices as in high temperature superconducto rs. Cu$_2$OSeO$_3$ is a unique case of a multiferroic materials where the skyrmion dynamics could be controlled through the application of an extern al electric field. The direct control of the skyrmion dynamics through a n on-dissipative method would offer technological benefits and unique possib ilities for testing fundamental theories also related to the Higgs Boson w hose theoretical description has similarities to skyrmions. Important for technological applications would be a stability range of the skyrmion phas e up to room temperature. While room temperature skyrmion materials exist\ , Cu$_2$OSeO$_3$ orders magnetically below 60 K. Our combined small angle neutron scattering\, SQUID magnetization measurements\, and electron micro scopy investigations did provide direct evidence that the stability range of the skyrmion phase can be extended in Te-doped Cu$_2$OSeO$_3$. This did provide valuable information on the formation mechanism of the skyrmions and their scaling behavior.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102 /contributions/2974/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2974/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Cytoplasmic accumulation of the Alzheimer’s disease- and ALS-lin ked RNA-binding protein SFPQ by zinc-induced polymerisation DTSTART:20191203T004500Z DTEND:20191203T010000Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2989@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Sofia Caria (SAXS/WAXS\, Australian Synchrotron)\, V ictor Anggono (Queensland Brain Institute)\, Jie Huang (Department of Bio chemistry and Genetics\, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science\, La Tro be University)\, Rahul Badhan (Department of Biochemistry and Genetics\, L a Trobe Institute for Molecular Science\, La Trobe University)\, Mihwa Lee (Department of Biochemistry and Genetics\, La Trobe Institute for Molecul ar Science\, La Trobe University)\, Mitchell Ringuet (Queensland Brain Ins titute)\, Yee Wa Lim (Department of Biochemistry and Genetics\, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science\, La Trobe University)\, Andrew Whitten (A NSTO)\n\nSFPQ is an abundant nuclear protein implicated in many aspects of RNA biogenesis. Importantly\, nuclear depletion and cytoplasmic accumulat ion of SFPQ has been linked to neuropathological conditions such as Alzhei mer’s disease (AD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Here we repo rt the structural basis of cytoplasmic relocation of SFPQ induced by zinc. The crystal structure in complex with zinc reveals the intermolecular int eractions of SFPQ mediated by zinc\, resulting in infinite polymerisation of SFPQ. As anticipated\, the application of zinc to neuronal cells induce d cytoplasmic relocation and aggregation of SFPQ. Mutagenesis on the three histidine residues ligating zinc resulted in a significant reduction in z inc-binding affinity *in vitro* and the zinc-induced cytoplasmic aggregati on of SFPQ in neuronal cells. Taken together\, we propose that dysregulati on of zinc in neuronal cells may represent one potential mechanism that le ads to an imbalance in the nucleocytoplasmic distribution of SFPQ\, which is emerging as a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases including AD and A LS.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2989/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2989/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Study of the microstructure of carbon fiber monofilaments at the A ustralian Synchrotron SAXS/WAXS beamline DTSTART:20191202T032000Z DTEND:20191202T033500Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2976@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Adrian Hawley (Australian Synchrotron)\, Peter Lynch (Deakin University)\, Claudia Creighton (Deakin University)\, David Fox ( CSIRO )\, Pablo Mota-Santiago (Deakin University\, Australian Synchrotron) \, Nigel Kirby (Australian Synchrotron)\, Stephen Mudie (ANSTO)\n\nA new S AXS-WAXS methodology has been developed at the Australian Synchrotron for the structural analysis of carbon fibres. The new technique –referred to as serial SAXS-WAXS fibre scattering is used to map the microstructural p roperties of single carbon fibres\, ranging in diameter from 5 to 8 µm. T he new SAXS/WAXS beamline end station upgrade has made feasible to measure single carbon fibre monofilaments thanks to the high incident flux and ex tremely low background provided by a new high-vacuum sample environment. B ased on an automated scanning protocol\, a single carbon fibre is aligned relative to the incident X-ray beam (beam size H: 250 µm × V: 25 µm). T he fibre is mounted in vacuum while points on each monofilament are acquir ed. This scanning protocol ensures that the fibre scattering cross-section in known precisely. The size of the detector allows both a SAXS and WAXS signal to be recorded in a single image. Furthermore\, it is now possible to increase the sample-to-detector distance automatically\, making low q-S AXS practical on these samples for the first time\, and without having to remount or interfere with sample condition. The technique allows both the size and alignment of the microstructural features from fibre-to fibre to be quantified. Importantly\, the graphitic alignment\, spacing and apparen t crystallite size can be directly related to macroscopic mechanical prope rties. While quantitative analysis of the SAXS scattering signal from pore s trapped within the fibre provides an indication of macroscopic strength. Results are presented for carbon fibres prepared on the Carbon Nexus faci lity at Deakin University.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/ contributions/2976/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2976/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Iterative energy self-calibration of Fe XANES spectra DTSTART:20191202T013500Z DTEND:20191202T015000Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3027@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Scott Bryan (QUT)\, Guiherme Mallmann (Australian Na tional University)\, Michael Jones (QUT)\, Daryl Howard\, Joseph Knafelc ( QUT)\, Jeremy Wykes (Australian Synchrotron)\n\nDetermining the oxidation state of Fe through parameterisation of XANES spectral features is highly dependent on accurate and repeatable energy calibration between spectra. S mall errors in energy calibration can lead to vastly different interpretat ions. While a simultaneous measurement of a reference foil is often undert aken on X-ray spectroscopy beamlines\, other beamlines measure XANES spect ra without a reference foil and therefore lack a method for correcting ene rgy drift. Here we propose a method that combines two measures of Fe oxida tion state taken from different parts of the spectrum to iteratively corre ct for an unknown energy offset between spectra. We show that the method i s applicable even when the two spectra have been collected at different ti mes and different beamlines\, potentially eliminating the need to collect standard reference spectra during every beamtime.\n\nhttps://events.synchr otron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3027/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3027/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Dynamic transformations of drug delivery systems by proteins: when equilibrium studies are not enough. DTSTART:20191203T025000Z DTEND:20191203T031000Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3044@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Khay Fong (Newcastle University)\n\nLipid-based drug delivery systems have great potential in biomedical applications. They co mprise of the self-assembly of biocompatible lipids\, where the structures they form dictates the rate of release of drug. However\, their potential has been limited by an incomplete understanding of their fate in vivo. Th e presented research gives insight into the response of lipidic membranes to exposure to different proteins: liposomes with phospholipase C and cubo somes in physiologically mimetic media. What was observed in dynamic studi es was not what was predicted by equilibrium experiments\, highlighting th e need to understand physiological processes in real time. Synchrotron SAX S was key to observing these interactions. Understanding the type and timi ng of phase transitions in these lipid based drug delivery systems will be tter direct their design for biomedical applications.\n\nhttps://events.sy nchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3044/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3044/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Magnetic order induced symmetry-breaking in the coupled honeycomb system Fe4(Nb\,Ta)2O9 DTSTART:20191202T002000Z DTEND:20191202T003500Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3032@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Hartmut Fuess (TU Darmstadt)\, Zhen Liu (The Austral ian University)\, James Hester (ANSTO)\, Richard Mole (ANSTO)\, Tom Faske (TU Darmstadt)\, Narendirakumar Narayanan (Postdoc)\, Teng Lu (The Austral ian National University)\, Yun Liu (The Australian National University)\, Dehong Yu (Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation)\, Micha el Brennan (The Australian University)\, Wayne Hutchison (The University o f New South Wales)\, Garry McIntyre (Australian Nuclear Science and Techno logy Organisation)\n\nMagnetoelectric (ME) multiferroics are compounds whi ch exhibit simultaneous magnetic ordering (MO) and electric polarization ( EP) which are coupled. This coupling is utilized in applications such as M RAMs\, sensors and capacitors. The ME effect is significant\, if the emerg ing EP is of spin origin and the coupling is strong. However the emergence of EP and the coupling mechanism between these two orders are not complet ely understood and subject to extensive ongoing research. Three types of m aterials fulfill this requirement: (i) Type II multiferroics such as ortho rhombic RMnO3 (R=rare earth)\, where spontaneous EP is induced by the MO\, (ii) Polar magnets such as M2Mo3O8 (M=Fe and Mn)\, which also exhibit MO induced EP\, but has a polar paramagnetic phase and (iii) Magnetoelectric materials such as Cr2O3\, where EP is induced by an external magnetic fiel d below MO [1-6]. M4A2O9 (M=Fe\, Co\, Mn and A=Nb\,Ta) are a family of ma terials where depending on M\, either (i) or (iii) emerge below MO. The un it cell contains two crystallographically distinct magnetic sites M\, whic h form edge-shared coplanar and corner-shared buckled honeycombs which are connected along c. The interaction between the honeycombs enables a compe tition between the interlayer and the intralayer exchange interactions and anisotropies which results in ground states with various spin orderings [ 7-8]. Recently Fe4Ta2O9\, in contrast to the magnetoelectric Co and Mn cou nterparts\, was reported to exhibit symmetry-breaking and EP below MO from dielectric property measurements [9-10]. Elucidation of the emergence of EP in Fe4Ta2O9 necessitates a comprehension of its crystal\, magnetic and electronic structure. In this work\, we combined neutron powder diffractio n\, inelastic neutron scattering\, bulk property measurements and theoreti cal methods to determine the crystal/magnetic structures\, magnetic excita tions and electronic structure of Fe4Ta2O9 and compared it with the relate d compound Fe4Nb2O9. Fe4Ta2O9 exhibits the unique feature of the emergence of both the symmetry-breaking multiferroic and magnetoelectric phases bel ow MO\, whereas Fe4Nb2O9 only exhibits magnetoelectric phases below MO. Th is enables Fe4(Nb\,Ta)2O9 to be an ideal system to investigate the transit ion between the multiferroic and magnetoelectric phases. We elucidate thes e unique phenomena utilizing symmetry arguments in terms of spin and orbit al degrees of freedom. \n\n References:\n\n[1] I. E. Dzyaloshinskii\ , JETP 10\, 628 (1959).\n[2] D. N. Astrov\, JETP 11\, 708 (1960).\n[3] S.- W. Cheong et al.\, Nat. Mater. 6\, 13 (2007).\n[4] M. Kenzelmann et al.\, PRL 95\, 087206 (2005).\n[5] T. Kurumaji et al.\, PRB 95\, 045142 (2017).\ n[6] T. Kurumaji et al.\, PRX 5\, 031034 (2015).\n[7] N.Narayanan et al.\, PRB 98\, 134438 (2018).\n[8] N. D. Khanh et al.\, PRB 93\, 075117 (2016). \n[9]A. Maignan et al.\, PRM 2\, 091401(R) (2018).\n[10] S. N. Panja et al .\, PRB 98\, 024410 (2018).\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102 /contributions/3032/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3032/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Molecular Deuteration at the National Deuteration Facility: Divers ity of Molecules and Application DTSTART:20191202T035000Z DTEND:20191202T040500Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2993@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Natalia Davydova (ANSTO)\, Rob Russell (ANSTO)\, Rhy s Murphy (ANSTO)\, Agata Rekas (ANSTO)\, Peter Holden (ANSTO)\, Nageshwar Yepuri (ANSTO)\, Anwen Krause-Heuer (ANSTO)\, Anthony Duff (ANSTO)\, Karyn Wilde (ANSTO)\, Marina Cagnes (ANSTO)\, Tamim Darwish (ANSTO)\n\nThe Nati onal Deuteration Facility (NDF) at the Australian Nuclear Science and Tech nology Organisation (ANSTO) provides deuteration for a diversity of molecu les and applications. Molecular deuteration of organic compounds and biom olecules significantly increases the options in complex structure function investigations using neutron scattering and reflectometry\, nuclear magne tic resonance (NMR)\, mass spectrometry (MS) and other techniques. Deuteri um (2H or D) is a naturally occurring stable isotope of hydrogen (1H or H) . Deuteration can provide contrast and improved resolution to assist inves tigations into the relationship between molecular structure and function o f molecules of both biological and synthetic origin. \n\nThe NDF at ANSTO is the only facility of its type in the Southern Hemisphere\, having the s pecialised expertise and infrastructure for both biological and chemical m olecular deuteration. Access is available via a merit-based user program. Since the open access user program began in 2010 we have delivered over 2 80 different labelled molecules to collaborators.\n\nThe NDF has developed a suite of capabilities in both *in vivo* deuteration of biomolecules and chemical deuteration of small organic molecules providing access to a bro ad range of deuterated molecules for research and industry. Variably deute rated proteins can be produced via simple defined yet robust NDF-developed methods of high-yield recombinant expression in *Escherichia coli*. Mult iply-labelled (2H\, 13C\, 15N) proteins are also produced via these protoc ols for NMR applications. The development of chemical deuteration protocol s for a broader range of molecular classes unavailable commercially and a tailoring of deuteration approach has increased the range of systems that can be investigated using deuterated molecules. Lipids\, phospholipids (i ncluding head or tail or head/tail deuterated mono-unsaturated lipids such as POPC and DOPC)\, heterocyclics\, aromatics\, surfactants\, ionic liqui ds\, sugars and match-out detergents have been deuterated. Common neutron applications include partially deuterated proteins for SANS experiments in vestigating multi-protein systems\, neutron crystallography of perdeuterat ed proteins\, neutron reflectometry of lipid bilayers systems and SANS usi ng saturated lipid vesicles\, or detergents amongst others. Microbial syst ems have also been recently utilised to produce deuterated cellulose and c holesterol\, expanding the range of biosynthesised molecules available. \n \nRecent advancements and the impact of deuteration on the research outcom es achieved by using deuterated molecules produced by the NDF will be pres ented through case studies [1-3] highlighting the diverse applications tha t benefit from availability of custom deuterated molecules. \n \n[1]. Di sulfide isomerase activity of the dynamic\, trimeric Proteus mirabilis Scs C protein is primed by the tandem immunoglobulin-fold domain of ScsB. Furl ong\, E. J.\, Choudhury\, H. G.\, Kurth\, F.\, Duff\, A. P.\, Whitten\, A. E. & Martin\, J. L. Journal of Biological Chemistry\, 293\, 5793-5805. (2 018)\n[2]. Transient antibody-antigen interactions mediate the strain-spec ific recognition of a conserved malaria epitope. Krishnarjuna\, B.\, Sugik i\, T.\, Morales\, R. A. V.\, Seow\, J.\, Fujiwara\, T.\, Wilde\, K. L.\, Norton\, R. S. & MacRaild\, C. A. Communications Biology\, 1\, 58. (2018)\ n[3]. Controlled deuterium labelling of imidazolium ionic liquids to probe the fine structure of the electrical double layer using neutron reflectom etry. Akutsu-Suyama\, K.\, Cagnes\, M.\, Tamura\, K.\, Kanaya\, T. & Darwi sh\, T. A. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics\, 21\, 17512-17516. (2019)\ n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2993/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2993/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Dye – TiO2 Interfacial Structure in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells DTSTART:20191202T053000Z DTEND:20191202T054500Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3001@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jacqueline Cole (University of Cambridge)\, Stephen Holt (Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation)\, Samila McD onald (ACNS\, ANSTO and Cambridge University\, UK)\n\nSolar cells are a wi despread\, clean and renewable source of energy for humanity's growing pow er needs. An emerging type of solar cell based on natural dyes to harvest sunlight has been the subject of growing interest. Dye-sensitized solar ce lls (DSCs) are transparent\, flexible\, and made from low cost\, readily a vailable materials. Compared to traditional silicon-based solar cells\, DS Cs have higher efficiencies in ambient or dim light. DSCs can be harnessed in areas such as solar windows to generate electricity and offset power c osts in buildings.\nThe dye molecules used in this study are organic\, and are structured as donor – linker – acceptor molecules. A range of dif ferent donor\, linker and acceptor functional groups have been synthesized \, including the addition of bulky hydrophobic alkyl chains.\nAt the inter face between dye molecules and titanium dioxide (TiO2) semiconductor\, the adsorbed dye molecules harvest energy from light and enters an excited st ate. The photoelectron is injected into the TiO2 conduction band\, where t he electrical circuit begins. The dye – TiO2 interface is vital to the e fficiency and performance of DSCs\, but is poorly understood. This study i nvestigates dye adsorption and packing arrangements at the TiO2 interface using X-ray reflectometry (XRR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) instrume nts at ANSTO\, Australia for organic dye structures with different donor a nd linker groups. Neutron reflectometry (NR) will examine the dye – TiO2 interfacial structure in the presence of solvent and electrolyte to probe the extent of dye – solvent and dye – electrolyte interactions *in si tu*.\nBy changing the dye chemical structure\, linker groups and donor gro ups\, a range of structures are observed at the surface. While XRR measure ments reveal an adsorbed monolayer at the local scale (area ~ 1 cm2)\, AFM measurements detect small dye aggregates at the surface (area ~ 225 $\\mu $m2) for all dyes except for the largest and sterically bulky dye studied. This study demonstrates the importance of dye structure on interfacial pr operties in DSCs\, and may be used to design dyes to optimise properties a nd solar cell efficiencies\, in turn developing DSCs towards full-scale co mmercialisation.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributi ons/3001/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3001/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Structure determination of a zinc hydroxide chloride from powder d iffraction DTSTART:20191202T012000Z DTEND:20191202T013500Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3038@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Tony WANG (Queensland University of Technology)\n\nZ inc-air battery with near-neutral aqueous chloride electrolytes has receiv ed increasing attentions in high power applications recently. Unwanted pre cipitation of zinc hydroxide chloride products reduces the battery capacit y and lifetime. One of these precipitation phases has unknown crystal stru cture. The diffraction pattern of a synthesised phase was collected on the Australia Synchrotron Powder Diffraction beamline\, and its crystal struc ture was determined using simulated annealing method with the assistance o f rigid body in DIFFRAC.TOPAS v6 software. The refined structure in *P21/ c* space group shows similar layered construction to that in simonkolleite but more water molecule in the interlayer and larger layer spacing. The o n-going work of crystal structure determination of this phase will support the study of precipitation mechanism in Zinc-Air batteries.\n\nhttps://ev ents.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3038/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3038/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Linking microstructure to rheology for wormlike micelles DTSTART:20191202T074300Z DTEND:20191202T074400Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2942@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Joshua King (Monash University)\n\nWormlike micelles (WLMs) are elongated\, thread--like surfactant aggregates that form therm odynamically under certain conditions. At sufficiently high concentrations \, WLMs overlap and entangle with each other and this change in microstruc ture causes a rapid increase in viscoelasticity and zero--shear viscosity. Moreover\, it provides significant shear--thinning character\, a type of `non--Newtonian' flow behaviour. These properties are very useful in a var iety of industries and products\, including as personal care products\, dr ag reducing agents and fracturing fluids for oil and gas field stimulation . Despite their ubiquity\, very few studies have investigated mild\, non-- toxic WLMs (like those found in personal care products) at concentrations relevant to industry formulations. Moreover\, no model exists that is able to incorporate and link the known microstructural features of WLMs to the bulk rheological properties to which they give rise. \n\nHere\, we are se eking to investigate and link the microstrucutre and bulk rheology of WLMs formed by cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) and sodium laureth sulfate (SLES) surfactants. To do so\, we have conducted small--angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements on CAPB/SLES WLM samples whilst at an applied shear r ate\, a technique known as rheo--SANS. From this study we have been able t o observe shear--induced alignment of WLMs via anisotropy in the 2D scatte ring pattern and\, for the first time\, we are attempting to fit full 2D s cattering patterns. This will allow us to quantitatively determine the deg ree of alignment of WLMs with the direction of shear\, as well as other ph ysical parameters within the SANS range including cross--sectional radius and persistence length. By way of analysis and comparison of these data wi th bulk rheology data\, we aim to establish structure--function relationsh ips for predictive and self--consistent modelling of WLM rheology.\n\nhttp s://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2942/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2942/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Soft materials in food: Ultrasound induced modification of β-lact oglobulin into mesoscopic amyloid structures DTSTART:20191202T072400Z DTEND:20191202T072500Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2913@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Sukhvir Kaur Bhangu (The University of Melbourne)\, Muthupandian Ashokkumar (The University of Melbourne\, ARC Dairy Innovatio n Hub Australia)\, Rachana Pathak (The University of Melbourne\, ARC Dairy Innovation Hub Australia)\, Elliot Gilbert (ANSTO)\, Gregory J.O. Martin (The University of Melbourne\, ARC Diary Innovation Hub Australia)\n\nβ-l actoglobulin\, a globular protein\, is a major constituent of whey obtaine d from milk. It has been used as one of the model proteins for the synthes is and study of amyloid structures [1]. Proteins undergo structural modifi cations and aggregate into amyloid configurations that are rich in β-shee t elements in the secondary structure composition. Controlled synthesis ha s helped in study and characterization of amyloid fibrils. There have been attempts to study these structures in context of soft materials to be use d in food systems and β-lactoglobulin being a milk protein\, makes ideal choice for such work [2\,3]. The past few decades have experienced abundan t research on the fundamental aspects of ultrasonics and have been witness to sonochemistry developing into a complete discipline. Consequently\, ap plication based research has become the current focus in the field. Ultra sound being viewed among the potential green technologies of the future\, multiple fields are attempting to adopt the technology and assimilate it. Ultrasonics find widespread use across multiple industries but is of parti cular interest for application in the food industry [4]. The application o f ultrasound produces desirable results in food modification which have be en found to be superior and more efficient as compared to those achieved b y other processing technologies. Acoustic cavitation\, produced during son ication\, is the key to such improved outcomes\, as in effect\, it results in enhanced mass transfer\, high local shear\, confined zones of extreme heat and pressure at the minuscule level. With improved efficiencies demo nstrated in operation\, ultrasound is used in industrial processes such as extraction\, emulsification\, membrane-filtration\, sonocrystallisation e tc [4\,5]. The present study is focused on β-lactoglobulin\, to establish the characteristics of mesoscopic amyloid structures formed when the prot ein is treated with low-frequency ultrasound (20 kHz). This work is a step forward in that direction\, as it elaborates on the relatively rapid and controlled synthesis of these amyloid structures. SANS (QUOKKA) is being u sed to study such synthesis to document the modifications taking place dur ing amyloid formation with an ultrasonic stimulus\, and to elaborate on th e chemistry of such structural modifications in proteins. The ability to r apidly synthesise these structures with ultrasound\, in their given state is important as it opens gateways for practical application of these struc tures in food systems\, corresponding to theoretical propositions offered so far.\n\n\n**References**\n[1] C.C. van den Akker\, M. Schleeger\, M. Bo nn\, G.H. Koenderink\, Structural Basis for the Polymorphism of β-Lactogl obulin Amyloid-Like Fibrils\, in: Bio-nanoimaging\, Elsevier\, 2014\, pp. 333-343.\n[2] R. Mezzenga\, P. Schurtenberger\, A. Burbidge\, M. Michel\, Understanding foods as soft materials\, Nature materials\, 4 (2005) 729.\n [3] Y. Cao\, R. Mezzenga\, Food protein amyloid fibrils: Origin\, structur e\, formation\, characterization\, applications and health implications\, Advances in colloid and interface science\, (2019).\n[4] F. Chemat\, M.K. Khan\, Applications of ultrasound in food technology: processing\, preserv ation and extraction\, Ultrasonics sonochemistry\, 18 (2011) 813-835.\n[5] M. Ashokkumar\, Applications of ultrasound in food and bioprocessing\, Ul trasonics sonochemistry\, 25 (2015) 17-23.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.o rg.au/event/102/contributions/2913/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2913/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Critical measurement of the phase fine structures across the coppe r K-edge DTSTART:20191202T072600Z DTEND:20191202T072700Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2915@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Zwi Barnea (Melbourne University)\, Julian Ceddia (L a Trobe University)\, Christopher Thomas Chantler (University of Melbourne )\, Chanh Tran (La Trobe University)\, Juliane Reinhardt\, Minh Dao (La Tr obe University)\, Grant van Riessen (La Trobe University)\, Gerard Hinsley \, Anirudh Jallandhra (RMIT)\, Tony Kirk (La Trobe University)\, Cameron K ewish (Australian Synchrotron)\, David Paterson (Australian Synchrotron)\, Martin de Jonge\, Paul Di Pasquale (La Trobe University)\, Eugeniu Balau r (La Trobe University)\n\nCurrent applications of X-ray Absorption Fine S tructure to low absorbing samples such as ultra-thin films in semiconducto r and nano-devices have been limited. This is not the case for the phase c omponent of the fine structure as it is generally orders of magnitude larg er than the absorption component in the x-ray regime. We will present a te chnical methodology to retrieve the phase and absorption components of a c opper thin film simultaneously at the XFM beamline (Australian Synchrotron ) by applying the HERALDO technique across the copper K-edge. The results provide critical experimental benchmark for further theoretical developmen t and has potential to delve into the phase equivalent of the XAFS techniq ue.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2915/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2915/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Neutron and X-ray absorption spectroscopy studies of cobalt ion be am implanted TiO2 thin films DTSTART:20191202T072700Z DTEND:20191202T072800Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2917@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: David Cortie (Institute for Superconducting and Elec tronic Materials\, University of Wollongong)\, Abdulhakim Bake (Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials\, University of Wollongong)\n \nTransition-metal-doped oxides offer a potential route towards magnetic s emiconductors which would pave the way for spintronic applications. Althou gh much of the research work has been conducted on Co-doped TiO2\, the roo m temperature magnetic properties of the system are still not well underst ood [1]. In this study\, titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films were deposited on a silicon substrate and doped with Co ions using ion beam implantation at multiple beam energies to create a uniform dopant layer. Neutron refle ctometry and X-ray absorption spectroscopy were conducted at ANSTO to stud y the magnetic and electronic properties of TiO2 thin films. \n\nReference s:\n1. Cortie\, D.L.\, et al.\, Enhanced Magnetization of Cobalt Defect Cl usters Embedded in TiO2−δ Films. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces\, 2 017. 9(10): p. 8783-8795.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/c ontributions/2917/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2917/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Disorder By Design: Energy\, Pyrochlores and the Art of 'Stuffing' DTSTART:20191202T072800Z DTEND:20191202T072900Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2921@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Zhaoming Zhang (ANSTO)\, Brendan Kennedy (The Univer sity of Sydney)\, Bryce Mullens (University of Sydney)\n\nIn accordance wi th the Paris Climate Agreement\, Australia will reduce its carbon emission s to 28% of its 2005 levels by 2030\, with 24% of Australia’s electricit y production to come from renewable sources. Two technologies being develo ped in Australia to assist with this transition include next-generation ox ygen ion conductors and long-term storage for radioactive waste. The forme r is an attractive candidate\, as it does not generate carbon dioxide in h ydrogen gas fuel cells\, and the latter is particularly important in closi ng the nuclear fuel cycle as Australia is a major exporter of uranium. How ever\, significant technical issues have arisen in the development of thes e technologies\, such as their lack of efficiency and short equipment life spans. \n\nPyrochlores of the structure A$_{2}$B$_{2}$O$_{7}$ have found i mmense applications in each of the above areas: oxygen ion conductors and for radioactive waste storage. However\, this appears to be an apparent co ntradiction in requirements\, with one requiring flexibility and movement in its anionic sublattice and the latter needing a robust lattice from whi ch ions cannot escape. It is believed that the oxygen vacancies present in the pyrochlore structure allows for short-range disorder\, whilst keeping the long-range order consistent. \n\nIn this work\, we are concerned with looking at the oxygen-vacancy disorder\, and 'tailoring’ it to improve the applications of pyrochlores. We have done this by looking at ‘stuffe d’ pyrochlores of the form A$_{2}$(A$_{0.67-x}$B$_{1.33+x}$)O$_{6.67+x/2 }$. Increasing the amount of the larger A-type cation that normally occupi es the eight-coordinate sites results in some of them occupying the six-co ordinate B-site\, in a process known as stuffing. It is envisaged that th is increase in disorder in the cation sublattice will allow the possibilit y of engineering these for specific applications. \n\nThe poster will foc us on two parts: the synthesis and characterisation of the stuffed pyrochl ores\, and their physical applications. \n\nTwo series of eleven stuffed p yrochlores\, namely Yb$_{2}$(Yb$_{0.67-x}$Ti$_{1.33+x}$)O$_{6.67+x/2}$ and Tm$_{2}$(Tm$_{0.67-x}$Ti$_{1.33+x}$)O$_{6.67+x/2}$ with x = 0-0.67 have b een synthesised using conventional solid-state methods and their long-rang e average structure characterised by Rietveld Refinement of conventional X -ray diffraction. The local short-range order has been characterised by Ra man and infra-red spectroscopy. \n\nFurther characterisation was undertake n using soft x-rays and x-ray powder diffraction at the Australian Synchro tron. It is also planned to determine the displacement of oxygen ions usin g the ECHIDNA Diffractometer at ANSTO. Since synthesising the two series o f stuffed pyrochlores\, various measurements have also been undertaken reg arding their photocatalytic\, associated band gaps\, ionic conductivity an d magnetic properties\, yielding promising results.\n\nThese results will be presented\, along with a judgement as to whether inducing certain types of disorder within the pyrochlore structure can lead to them being purpos ely-built for their applications.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/eve nt/102/contributions/2921/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2921/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Scientific Highlights from Quokka\, the 40m Pinhole Small Angle Ne utron Scattering Instrument DTSTART:20191202T072900Z DTEND:20191202T073000Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2920@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Elliot Gilbert (ANSTO)\, Deborah Wakeham (ANSTO)\, C hris Garvey (ANSTO)\, Kathleen Wood (Australian Nuclear Science and Techno logy Organisation)\, Chun-Ming Wu (NSRRC)\, Jitendra Mata (ANSTO)\n\nQuokk a is the 40m pinhole Small Angle Neutron Scattering instrument (SANS) loca ted at the OPAL research reactor at ANSTO\, serving the needs of both dome stic and international users [1]. Calibrated absolute scattering intensit y measurements in a standard setup may be made over a range of wavelengths between 4 x 10-3 Å-1 and 0.7 Å-1. \nOutputs from Quokka have been publi shed in diverse fields such as magnetism\, metallurgy\, mineralogy\, struc tural biology\, polymers\, food science and soft matter. We present here a selection of recent scientific highlights.\n\n[1] K. Wood\, J. P. Mata\, C. J. Garvey\, C. M. Wu\, ... and E. P. Gilbert\, J Appl Crystallogr\, 20 18\, 51\, 294-314.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contribu tions/2920/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2920/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Molecular Mechanisms governing αβ T-cell receptor autoreactivity towards CD1b DTSTART:20191203T010000Z DTEND:20191203T011500Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2991@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jamie Rossjohn (Department of Biochemistry and Molec ular Biology\, School of Biomedical Sciences\, Monash University)\, David Branch Moody (Brigham and Woman's Hospital Division of Theumatology\, Immu nology and Allergy\, Harvard Medical School)\, Tan-Yun Cheng (Brigham and Women's Hospital Division of Rheumatology\, Immunology and Allergy\, Harva rd Medical School)\, Adam Shahine (Department of Biochemistry and Molecula r Biology\, School of Biomedical Sciences\, Monash University)\, Ildiko va n Rhijn (Brigham and Women's Hospital Division of Rheumatology\, Immunolog y and Allergy\, Harvard Medical School)\n\nCentral to both systems of inna te and adaptive immunity is the mediation of T-cell recognition of antigen presenting molecules presenting antigens (Ag) by T-cell receptors (TCR). CD1 molecules are Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I like mole cules involved in the presentation of foreign and self-lipid antigens. CD1 b exhibits the largest hydrophobic antigen binding cleft\, allowing it the capabilities of presenting self and foreign lipids with long carbon tail (up to 80 carbons). While the first molecular mechanism regulating T cell reactivity towards CD1b have been established in the context of mycobacter ium tuberculosis infection\, the mechanisms surrounding T- cell reactivity towards self-lipid antigens are recently being elucidated. The presentati on of self-lipid antigens by CD1b has been established\, and includes memb ers of phospholipid\, sphingolipid\, and ganglioside lipid species. Using tetramer technology with CD1b loaded with targeted self-lipids\, a broad r epertoire of αβ TCRs have been elucidated\, and exhibit discriminatory r eactivity between phospholipids and sphingolipids. The crystal structures of CD1b in complex with an αβ TCR (PG90) exhibiting reactivity towards C D1b presenting rare phospholipid\, phosphatidylglycerol (PG)\, and an αβ TCR (BC8B) against a broad repertoire of phospholipids\, including phosph atidylcholine (PC)\, demonstrate differing mechanisms of self-ligand react ivity and recognition. Presentation of both PG and PC by CD1b have implica ted roles in cellular stress\, autoimmunity\, bacterial infection\, and an ti-tumor properties. These diverse mechanisms of antigen selectivity provi de a deeper understanding into their immune cell function in the context o f autoimmunity and disease.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102 /contributions/2991/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2991/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Ionising Radiation and Cell Membranes DTSTART:20191203T003000Z DTEND:20191203T004500Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2992@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Guo-Jun Liu (ANSTO)\, Stephen Holt (Australian Nucle ar Science and Technology Organisation)\, Ryan J. Middleton (ANSTO)\n\nLi ving matter is exposed many forms of radiation from both natural and artif icial sources. Broadly speaking these can be classified as either non-Ioni sing or Ionising\, depending on whether the radiation is sufficiently ener getic to induce an ionisation event in an atom or molecule. It is recognis ed that the interaction of ionising radiation (IR) with biological matter can be beneficial\, for therapeutic or diagnostic applications\, or potent ially harmful from uncontrolled or unexpected exposure. IR generates react ive oxygen species via the ionization of water leading to the oxidation of macromolecules such as proteins\, DNA and lipids damaging biological syst ems.1 Gamma radiation is an example of IR and materials can be dosed with high precision at GATRI (ANSTO). For instance\, studies have been undertak en on Fibroblast cells irradiated at the GATRI facility (R. M. & G-J. L.) where radiation induced DNA damage and cell death pathways were assessed t o determine radiosensitivity. However\, to have a better understanding of how cells respond to radiation we would like to determine the impact of ra diation on cellular components such as membranes. \nTo reduce biological c omplexity\, we have studied simplified systems\, the lipids in isolation a nd membranes containing both lipid and cholesterol. These model cell memb ranes have been studied as planer films by Neutron Reflectometry and Elect rical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and in vesicle form by Small Angle Scat tering. The neutron scattering experiments yield structural information wh ile the EIS is an extremely sensitive probe of ion transport across the me mbrane. These experiments have demonstrated delayed damage onset\, as see n in living cells.\n\nReferences.\n1. Betlazar\, C. et al. Redox Biology 9 (2016): 144–156.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contrib utions/2992/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2992/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Neutron Micro-Computed Tomography: A Revolution in Non-Destructive Paleontology DTSTART:20191203T031000Z DTEND:20191203T032500Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2995@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Robert Reisz (University of Toronto Mississauga)\, C hris Mays (Monash University)\, Joseph Bevitt (ANSTO)\n\nThe physical extr action of fossilised remains from rocks enables quantitative physiological investigation of bone-dimensions\, volume\, and porosity\, however leads to the destruction of valuable contextual information and soft-tissue rema ins within the matrix.\n\nConventional and synchrotron-based X-ray compute d tomography (XCT) have been utilised for many years as critical tools in uncovering valuable 3-D internal and surface renderings of scientifically important fossils\, however poor contrast and X-ray penetration often prev ents thorough tomographic analysis. DINGO\, Australia’s neutron micro-co mputed tomography (nCT) instrument\, located at the OPAL nuclear research reactor\, is being used to obtain unpreceded renderings of extraordinary f ossilised anatomical features not visible with conventional imaging techni ques. Drawing upon specimens scanned from across Australia\, North America \, New Zealand\, and China\, this presentation will demonstrate DINGO’s capabilities and the complementarity of nCT to classic XCT methods for cer tain geological formations and fossil localities.\n\nA selection of nCT ca se studies to be presented:\n\n - nCT studies conducted on a Jurassic cyno dont\, one of the earliest and\n most primitive ancestors to all living mammals\, revealing exceptional\n conservation of internal bone structur e of the cranium\, teeth and\n internal tissues\; features that are not visibly rendered by XCT\, nor\n phase-propagation synchrotron XCT method s.\n - The illumination of “corrective procedures” in paleontological\ n specimens\n - Uncovering the morphology and internal anatomy of fire-a dapted\n mid-Cretaceous south polar conifers\n - Applicability of nCT to the Richards Spur locality\,Oklahoma\, USA.\n - Stomach contents of dinos aurs and early birds.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contr ibutions/2995/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2995/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Using nuclear techniques to investigate the plant absorption and m obility of foliar applied zinc DTSTART:20191202T044500Z DTEND:20191202T050000Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2997@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jan Schjoerring (University of Copenhagen)\, Tom Cre sswell (Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO))\, Enzo Lombi (University of South Australia)\, Casey Doolette (University of South Australia)\, Nicholas Howell (Australian Nuclear Science and Techno logy Organisation (ANSTO))\, Erica Donner (University of South Australia)\ , Robert Aughterson (Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisatio n (ANSTO))\, Peter Kopittke (The University of Queensland)\, Thea Read (Un iversity of South Australia)\, Inna Karatchevtseva (Australian Nuclear Sci ence and Technology Organisation (ANSTO))\n\nIn this agricultural focused study\, we accessed ANSTO’s Open Pool Australian Lightwater (OPAL) react or and Australian Synchrotron (AS) to investigate the efficacy of new fert iliser products. As well as accessing these facilities\, we also used mult iple ANSTO Research Capabilities (Sydney) to investigate the behaviour of these fertilisers in live plants\; specifically\, the Vivarium\; Radiobiol ogy and Bioimaging\; Isotope Tracing\; Nuclear Stewardship\; and\, Nuclear Materials Development and Characterisation. All fertilisers tested in thi s study were applied to plants to provide zinc (Zn). Zinc is an essential plant micronutrient\, and in Australia it is often applied to broadacre cr ops as Australian agricultural soils are some of the most Zn deficient glo bally. To supplement soil applications of Zn fertiliser\, Zn can also be a pplied directly to the foliage of crops\; it is this application method th at was the focus of our study. The development of more efficient foliar Zn fertilisers is beneficial not only to growers\, who will have a reduced o utlay for Zn fertiliser\, but also for the environment as some chelated Zn formulations may pose a risk to aquatic and terrestrial systems. \nThe ob jective of our study was to investigate the efficacy of novel Zn foliar fe rtilisers when applied to wheat plants. Conventional analytical techniques were found to be unsuitable for this study because the applied Zn could n ot be distinguished from background Zn in the plant. Therefore\, by using Zn foliar fertilisers radiolabelled with 65Zn we were able to quantify and visualise the plant absorption and translocation of foliar applied Zn. Tw o newly developed Zn fertilisers\; a nanoparticle formulation and a microp article formulation were compared to two conventional formulations (solubl e Zn and chelated Zn). Fertilisers were neutron activated at ANSTO’s OPA L reactor to produce 65Zn labelled foliar fertilisers. We then used a nove l time-resolved *in vivo* autoradiography imaging technique to visualise 6 5Zn in live plants. The images were supplemented by gamma-spectroscopy an alysis for quantification. The distribution of applied 65Zn in wheat grain was then compared to that of unlabelled Zn using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) elemental mapping. The results of this study describe a new method for in vestigating the mobility and translocation of foliar applied Zn\, and pote ntially other nutrients\, in plants.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/ event/102/contributions/2997/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2997/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Nuclear techniques for combating food fraud and authenticating qua lity DTSTART:20191202T050000Z DTEND:20191202T051500Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2998@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Armand Atanacio (Australian Nuclear Science and Tech nology Organisation\, )\, Karthik Gopi\, Attila Stopic (Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation)\, Neil Saintilan (Macquarie Universi ty)\, Jesmond Sammut (The University of New South Wales)\, Debashish Mazum der (Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation)\, Patricia Ga dd (Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation)\, Jagoda Crawf ord (Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation)\, Katherine S tockham (National Measurement Institute)\n\nAccording to World Health Orga nisation of the United Nations\, approximately 600 million people are affe cted by food contamination\, which leads to around 420\,000 deaths per yea r. Human health has been placed at risk by the presence of pathogens and o ther chemical substances found in food. Australia is one of the leading im porters and exporters in the Australasian region. However\, importing and exporting food can lead to food fraud. This is when fraudulent businesses substitute produce\, along the supply chains\, with ones of lower value an d quality in order to increase profit margins. This type of food fraud is estimated to cost the global food industry between $30 to $40 billion USD per annum. Consequently\, food safety and traceability are increasingly im portant to regulatory bodies\, the industry and consumers. While several m ethods are available to combat this widespread issue\, there are no compre hensive techniques which can accurately determine both the production meth ods and geographic origins of food.\n\nTo combat food fraud and authentica te quality\, the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (A NSTO) is leading a food provenance research project in partnership with un iversities\, industry and government agencies in order to develop a tool t hat will determine the source and origin of produce and authenticate quali ty. ANSTO is in a unique position where its multi-platform capability can play a vital role in food safety and traceability. Nuclear techniques such as stable isotope analysis\, x-ray fluorescence through Itrax\, neutron a ctivation analysis and ion beam analysis can provide greater precision tha n conventional methods when determining the provenance of food. The specif ic isotopic and elemental fingerprints of a product can be linked to the l ocation where it was produced. The initial testing of the technology on se afood produce and bushfood found that it could authenticate provenance wit h greater than 80% accuracy overall.\n\nThe collaborating organisations ar e now working to improve the efficiency of their methods in conjunction wi th cutting edge food quality analyses through the support of the National Measurement Institute. This research will help regulatory bodies to scient ifically-validate the source of origin of food and assess its quality. Fur thermore\, this method can serve as a marketing and brand protection tool. A large amount of Australian produce is exported overseas and sold as hig h-quality produce\, where it can be subject to fraud. This method will hel p Australian industries in protecting their unique brand. Authenticating t he origin and production methods of food will also allow consumers to make informed decisions and help them support their local industries.\n\nhttps ://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2998/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2998/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Lipid Self-assembly in Digesting Milk-like Emulsions DTSTART:20191202T043000Z DTEND:20191202T044500Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2999@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Andrew Clulow (Monash University)\, Anna Pham (Monas h Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences/ Monash University)\, Kang-Yu Peng (Monash University)\, Ben Boyd (Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science s)\, Malinda Salim (Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences)\, Adrian Hawley (Australian Synchrotron)\n\nMilk is nature’s emulsion for deliver ing fats and fat-soluble nutrients to infants and remains a mainstay of th e adult diet thereafter for many. The milk fat globules that deliver these nutrients comprise 98% triglycerides with 400 unique acyl chains esterifi ed onto the glycerol backbones\, resulting in thousands of possible unique triglycerides.[1] Digestion of triglycerides into monoglycerides and fatt y acids by endogenous lipases breaks down the milk fat globules and allows the absorption of fat-soluble nutrients in the intestines. Small angle X- ray scattering (SAXS) with in situ lipolysis has revealed that the amphiph ilic milk fat digestion products spontaneously assemble into a progression of liquid crystalline structures during *in vitro* lipolysis\, with milk from different species yielding different self-assembled structures that a re robust to standard processing techniques for milk storage.[2-4] SAXS ha s also shown that lipolysis can enhance the solubility of crystalline lipo philic drugs in digesting milk and infant formula preparations\, which com monly limits their bioavailability.[5-7] We hypothesise that the liquid cr ystalline structures that form are advantageous for nutrient absorption by each individual species and that controlling liquid crystalline structure formation during digestion is key to nutrient delivery. A key issue in te sting this hypothesis is the chemical complexity of the milk fats themselv es\, making the analysis of chemical-structure-function relationships chal lenging. This presentation will discuss the lipid liquid crystalline struc tures formed in a variety of milks and milk-like emulsions during digestio n and how they can be mimicked with simplified triglyceride emulsions that provide representative digestive colloid structures through which to anal yse the impact of lipid digestion on bioactive delivery. Lipid self-assemb ly in digesting mammalian milks and milk-like emulsions measured using SAX S will be discussed in the context of their lipid compositions. \n\n**Refe rences**\n[1] Fox\, P. F.\; McSweeney\, P. L. H.\, *Advanced Dairy Chemist ry Volume 2: Lipids*. 3rd ed.\; Springer US: New York\, USA\, **2006**.\n[ 2] Salentinig\, S. et al. Formation of Highly Organized Nanostructures dur ing the Digestion of Milk. *ACS Nano* **2013**\, 7 (12)\, 10904-10911.\n[3 ] Salentinig\, S. et al. Self-Assembly Structure Formation during the Dige stion of Human Breast Milk. *Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.* **2015**\, 54 (5)\, 16 00-1603.\n[4] Clulow\, A. J. et al. A closer look at the behaviour of milk lipids during digestion. *Chem. Phys. Lipids* **2018**\, 211\, 107-116.\n [5] Boyd\, B. J. et al. The impact of digestion is essential to the unders tanding of milk as a drug delivery system for poorly water soluble drugs. *J. Controlled Release* **2018**\, 292\, 13-17.\n[6] Salim\, M. et al. App lication of Low-Frequency Raman Scattering Spectroscopy to Probe in Situ D rug Solubilization in Milk during Digestion. *J. Phys. Chem. Lett.* **2019 **\, 2258-2263.\n[7] Binte Abu Bakar\, S. Y. et al. Revisiting dispersible milk-drug tablets as a solid lipid formulation in the context of digestio n. *Int. J. Pharm.* **2019**\, 554\, 179-189.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotro n.org.au/event/102/contributions/2999/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2999/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Gamma irradiated vaccines: concepts and applications DTSTART:20191202T051500Z DTEND:20191202T053000Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3000@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Justin B. Davies (Australian Nuclear Science and Tec hnology Organisation)\, Mohammed Alsharifi (The University of Adelaide)\, Eve V Singleton (The University of Adelaide)\n\nGamma irradiation has wide ly been used to inactivate highly dangerous pathogens such as the Ebola vi rus and anthrax spores from Bacillus anthracis. It has also been used as a n inactivation method to create whole “killed” bacterial or viral vacc ines that induce broader spectrum immunity compared to vaccines inactivate d by either chemical or other physical means. We have previously reported the cross-protective immunity induced by gamma-irradiated influenza vaccin e (γ-FLU) and pneumococcal vaccine (γ-PN) (1-3). Importantly\, in 2015 t he US Department of Defense reported inadequate inactivation of anthrax sp ores following exposure to γ-irradiation. This created the need for a muc h better understanding of the conditions and parameters required to achiev e sterility of infectious materials for vaccine purposes. Supported by the Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering (AINSE)\, we inve stigated different factors affecting the sterility of γ-irradiated prepar ations. We generated inactivation curves for multiple pathogens (including Influenza A virus\, Zika virus\, Semliki Forest virus\, and rotavirus) an d our data illustrated variations in inactivation curves directly related to the nature of genetic materials and irradiation conditions. These varia tions in killing curves reveal an important gap in current mathematical fo rmulae to determine sterilising doses for different pathogens. In addition \, we investigated the structural integrity and immunogenicity of differen t vaccine preparations. This study is expected to enable further developme nt of sterile highly effective gamma irradiated vaccines.\n\n1. David SC\, Norton T\, Tyllis T\, Wilson JJ\, Singleton EV\, Laan Z\, Davies J\, Hirs t TR\, Comerford I\, McColl SR\, Paton JC\, Alsharifi M. Direct interactio n of whole-inactivated influenza A and pneumococcal vaccines enhances infl uenza-specific immunity. Nature Microbiology. 2019 Aug\;4(8):1316-1327\n2. Babb R\, Chen A\, Hirst TR\, Kara EE\, McColl SR\, Ogunniyi AD\, Paton JC \, Alsharifi M. Intranasal vaccination with γ-irradiated Streptococcus pn eumoniae whole-cell vaccine provides serotype-independent protection media ted by B-cells and innate IL-17 responses. Clinical Science (Lond). 2016\; 130(9):697-710. \n3. Alsharifi M\, Furuya Y\, Bowden TR\, Lobigs M\, Koski nen A\, Regner M\, Trinidad L\, Boyle BB\, Müllbacher A. Intranasal flu v accine protective against seasonal and H5N1 avian influenza infections. PL oS ONE. 2009\; 4(4):e5336.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/ contributions/3000/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3000/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:How long was the LGM in East Antarctica? Insights from in-situ 14C dating of bedrock surfaces DTSTART:20191202T043000Z DTEND:20191202T044500Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3003@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Reka Fuelop (ANSTO/University of Wollongong)\, Marce llo Blaxell (University of Canberra)\, Duanne White (University of Canberr a)\, Sonja Berg (University of Cologne)\, Toshi Fujioka (ANSTO)\, Matt Jer moson (University of Canberra)\n\nThe duration of ice advance and retreat in Antarctica provides insight into its overall sensitivity to environment al thresholds\, the response time of the ice sheet to climate and sea leve l perturbations. While measuring the timing of ice retreat has become rela tively routine through the advent of Be-10 exposure dating\, determining t he onset and the duration of glaciation remains difficult due to the chall enges of obtaining pre-glacial sediments.\n\nThe measurement of in-situ C- 14 in bedrock surfaces provides a low-resolution temporal approach that en ables an understanding of whether LGM ice cover was brief or extended acro ss several tens of thousands of years. Here\, we present new observations from Princess Elizabeth Land in East Antarctica that demonstrates differin g responses of the inland and coastal portions of the ice sheet. Inland at Mt Brown\, C-14 inventories in bedrock are consistent with a ‘long dura tion’ LGM\, with the ice sheet remaining at the maximum limit for at lea st 15\,000 years before thinning in the early Holocene. In contrast\, ice advance in coastal regions at Rauer Group was brief\, and the areal limit of the ice sheet was similar to or smaller than today for most of the past 40\,000 years. \n\nThis new evidence contributes to our understanding of the ‘relative sea level paradox’ recorded sediments around Prydz Bay\, which indicate both an increased ice load\, but aerially restricted ice e xtent during much of the last 40\,000 years. However\, it in turn points t o a radically different behaviour of the ice sheet in response to climate and sea level forcing than had been previously understood.\n\nhttps://even ts.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3003/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3003/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Multimodal\, multiscale chemical and structural imaging of vein-fo rmation processes DTSTART:20191202T044500Z DTEND:20191202T050000Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3004@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Akker Ismay (University of Bern)\, Cameron Kewish (A ustralian Synchrotron)\, Grant van Riessen (La Trobe University)\, Schrank Christoph (QUT)\, Herwegh Marco (University of Bern)\, Michael Jones (QUT )\n\nVeins are opening-mode fractures in rocks filled with minerals crysta llised from a fluid injected during the cracking process. They occur throu ghout the entire lithosphere of our planet and constitute important fast f luid pathways in otherwise dense\, impermeable rock1. In addition\, veins trap precious ores such as gold and are routinely targeted by the resource industry2\,3. Moreover\, microstructure and mineral texture of vein-formi ng minerals serve as invaluable recorders of the tectonic history of rock evolution\, the state of stress and temperature during emplacement as well as fluid chemistry and fluid-rock interaction1\,4-6. Hence\, micro- and n ano-analytical methods hold the key to understanding the physics and chemi stry of vein-formation processes. \n\nHere\, we show how selected applicat ions of Synchrotron XFM\, ptychography\, and SAXS/WAXS unveil quantitative micro- and nano-textures of calcite veins\, which are invisible to conven tional imaging techniques. The Synchrotron's unique ability to map trace c hemistry and structures over more than four orders of magnitude in length scale inspires unprecedented insights into the multi-scale physics of coup led chemical\, mechanical\, hydraulic and thermal processes in rocks and o ther reactive\, porous solids. This multi-physics\, multi-scale coupling c onstitutes one of the principal research challenges in the Earth and Mater ial Sciences7\,8. \n\n1 Bons\, P. D.\, Elburg\, M. A. & Gomez-Rivas\, E. A review of the formation of tectonic veins and their microstructures. Jour nal of Structural Geology 43\, 33-62 (2012).\n2 Cox\, S. F. & Ruming\, K. The St Ives mesothermal gold system\, Western Australia—a case of golden aftershocks? Journal of Structural Geology 26\, 1109-1125 (2004).\n3 Tomk ins\, A. G. On the source of orogenic gold. Geology 41\, 1255-1256 (2013). \n4 Blenkinsop\, T. G. Relationships between faults\, extension fractures and veins\, and stress. Journal of Structural Geology 30\, 622-632 (2008). \n5 Haertel\, M.\, Herwegh\, M. & Pettke\, T. Titanium-in-quartz thermomet ry on synkinematic quartz veins in a retrograde crustal-scale normal fault zone. Tectonophysics 608\, 468-481\, doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2013.08.042 (201 3).\n6 Putnis\, A. Mineral Replacement Reactions. Reviews in Mineralogy an d Geochemistry 70\, 87-124 (2009).\n7 Regenauer-Lieb\, K. et al. Multiscal e coupling and multiphysics approaches in earth sciences: Theory. Journal of Coupled Systems and Multiscale Dynamics 1\, 49-73 (2013).\n8 Regenauer- Lieb\, K. et al. Multiscale coupling and multiphysics approaches in earth sciences: Applications. Journal of Coupled Systems and Multiscale Dynamics 1\, 281-323 (2014).\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contri butions/3004/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3004/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Present and Future Neutron Imaging Applications on DINGO at OPAL DTSTART:20191203T032500Z DTEND:20191203T034000Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3008@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Ulf Garbe (ANSTO)\n\nThe neutron imaging instrument DINGO is operational since October 2014 to support research at ANSTO. DING O had a high subscription rate from a broad national and international sci entific user community and for routine quality control for defense\, indus trial\, cultural heritage and archaeology applications. DINGO provides a u seful tool to give a different insight into objects because of different c ontrast compared to X-rays and high sensitivity to light elements. In the field of industrial application it has shown promising results for studyin g cracking and defects in concrete or other structural material. A major p art of applications from both sides of the community\, research and indust rial user\, was demanding the high resolution setup on DINGO and asking fo r an upgrade to achieve resolution below 25µm pixel size.\nIn the origina l design DINGO could provide a minimum pixel size of 27 µm. The neutron b eam size can be adjusted to the sample size from 50 x 50 mm$^2$ to 200 x 2 00 mm$^2$ with a resulting pixel size from 27µm to ~100µm. Depending on the sample composition a full tomography has been taken in 24 – 36 hours with a 50 µm thin ZnS/6LiF-screnn and the CCD (Andor IKON-L) camera. In a two stage upgrade the background radiation has been reduce by an additio nal slit system adjusting the beam size more flexible and further down to 0.5 x 0.5 mm$^2$. The new system allows minimizing the beam according to t he sample size. In combination with the Andor IKON SCMOS and Kenko distanc e rings\, to increase the focal length of the existing 100mm lens the pixe l size was reduced to 7µm. The scintillator was a 10 µm thick Gadox scre en and for each projection we have taken 3 – 6 images for better white s pot correction. We would like to present first radiography and tomography results using the new setup. A full tomography under these conditions can be taken in 2 -4 days depending on the nature on the sample.\nIn addition we have now a slit system installed to adjust the beam size even further t o each individual sample. This new slit system reduces noise in form of wh ite spots in the high resolution setup with small pixel size from 5- 20 µ m by up to 70%. An overall range of pixel size from 5µm to ~100µm can be achieved now. The whole instrument operates in two different positions\, one for high resolution and one for high speed.\nWe will show the performa nce of new the CMOS camera IRIS 15 with a 2960 x 5060 pixels chip and a ph ysical pixel size of 4.5 µm. In combination with new scintillation screen s like Gadox/LiF mixed screen it enables DINGO to run neutron tomography e xperiments with 5-10 µm resolution on large samples in a reasonable time of 24 -48 hours.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributi ons/3008/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3008/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Ion beam microscopy in serve of material investigations DTSTART:20191203T035500Z DTEND:20191203T041000Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3009@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Zeljko Pastuovic (Centre for Accelerator Science of ANSTO)\n\nHigh-energy ion microscopes attached to an ion accelerator syste m are highly versatile research instruments for applications in high-resol ution material investigations capable of precise tuning for a given sample or task. Their design and flexibility is usually closely related to prope rties of the accelerator system. We used a suite of ion nanobeams (proton\ , alpha\, carbon and oxygen ions) with magnetic rigidity (ME/q2) value up to 40 MeV amu/e2 provided by the high-energy ion microscope of accelerator facility at ANSTO for here presented material investigation studies of mi cron-sized sample structures or micron-sized particles from very different origins. Examples include bio systems\, health\, electronics\, manufactur ing and cultural heritage. \nKeywords: material\, structure\, microscopy\, ion nanobeam\n*Corresponding author: zkp@ansto.gov.au\n\nhttps://events.s ynchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3009/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3009/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Characterisation of Na+ dynamics in γ-Na3-2xMgxPO4 DTSTART:20191203T001500Z DTEND:20191203T003000Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3016@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Nicolas de Souza (ANSTO - Australian Centre for Neut ron Scattering)\, Emily Cheung (University of New South Wales)\, Neeraj Sh arma (UNSW)\n\nSolid-state ionic conductors have been increasingly investi gated as an alternative to liquid electrolytes in solid state sodium ion b atteries. Whilst much progress has been made in the design and development of promising candidate materials\, their complex structures and difficult ies in probing dynamics beyond the bulk picture has meant that understandi ng the mechanisms involved in Na+ diffusion remains a challenge. Quasi-ela stic neutron spectroscopy (QENS) is one avenue which provides an opportuni ty to gain insight into these mechanisms at the atomic level. \n\nThis wor k focuses on characterising sodium-ion self-diffusion using QENS in Mg2+ s tabilised γ-Na3PO4. From a dynamics perspective\, γ-Na3PO4 is of interes t since its structure features multiple inequivalent sodium sites\, formin g non-Bravais sublattices.[1] Since it cannot be known *a priori* which si te(s) are involved in the diffusion\, the standard approach[2] which is us ed to model the QENS dynamic scattering function S(**Q**\, ω) in similar systems does not generally describe the diffusion mechanisms at play. Cons equently\, we have modelled the S(**Q**\, ω) through the construction of a matrix to account for all possible jumps within the material by solving the corresponding eigenvalue problem.[3\,4] Here\, we present the insight that this approach provides on details of the possible Na+ diffusion mecha nisms\, including diffusion paths and relaxation times.\n\n[1] D. Wilmer a nd J. Combet\, Chemical Physics 292 (2)\, 143-152 (2003). \n[2] C. T. Chud ley and R. J. Elliott\, Proceedings of the Physical Society 77 (2)\, 353 ( 1961).\n[3] J. M. Rowe\, K. Sköld\, H. E. Flotow and J. J. Rush\, Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 32 (1)\, 41-54 (1971). \n[4] O. G. Ran dl\, B. Sepiol\, G. Vogl\, R. Feldwisch and K. Schroeder\, Physical Review B 49 (13)\, 8768-8773 (1994).\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/ 102/contributions/3016/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3016/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:The MEX beamlines at the Australian Synchrotron DTSTART:20191203T031500Z DTEND:20191203T033000Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3017@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Mohamed Elrabiey (ANSTO)\, Jeremy Wykes (Australian Synchrotron)\, Baldwinson Ben (ANSTO)\, Hima Cherukuvada (Australian Sync hrotron)\, Simon James (Australian Synchrotron)\, Chris Glover (Australian Synchrotron)\n\nThe Medium Energy X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy Beamlines at ANSTO’s Australian Synchrotron will be a suit of beamlines particula rly optimised to facilitate new scientific opportunities in human health a nd biology\; food\, agriculture\, and plants\; advanced materials\, cataly sis\, and chemistry\; and environment\, Earth\, and minerals. They will o ffer routine high quality X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy characterization o f elements Si and upwards (1.7 – 13.6 keV)\, also with the latest develo pments in high energy resolution spectroscopies and providing spectroscopi c quality data with a small spot (2 micron) for S to Se.\n\nThe beamlines are well into the design and procurement stage\, on track to begin constru ction in 2020 and user operations in 2021. A review of the design\, statu s and scientific possibilities will be presented\n\nhttps://events.synchro tron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3017/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3017/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Patterning topological insulators using ion beams DTSTART:20191203T034500Z DTEND:20191203T040000Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3031@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Cortie David (University of Wollongong)\, Zengji Yu e\, Zhi Li\, Weiyao Zhao\, Xiaolin Wang\, Zeljko Pastuovic (Centre for Acc elerator Science of ANSTO)\, Peter Evans (ANSTO)\n\nThe surfaces of Sb2Te3 topological insulator crystals were implanted using a 40 keV chromium ion beam at the Centre for Accelerator Science\, ANSTO. The resulting chemic al structure was studied using atomic-resolution transmission electron mic roscopy and soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy. A thin magnetic crystallin e region is formed near the surface. A uniform valence state of Cr3+ is de tected\, with no evidence of metallic clustering. Superparamagnetic behav iour was detected up to 300 K.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/ 102/contributions/3031/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3031/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Unexpected Phase Transitions in AMO4 scheelites. DTSTART:20191202T030000Z DTEND:20191202T031500Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3033@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Sean Injac (The University of Sydney)\, Brendan Kenn edy (The University of Sydney)\n\nThe vast majority of solid state oxides contain transition metals in an octahedral\, or a distorted variant thereo f\, environment and the interconnectivity and distortions of the MO6 units drive their interesting and occasionally technologically important physic al properties. Oxides where the transition metal has a tetrahedral geomet ry are less well studied. The Scheelite structure is one such example and this presentation will describe some of our recent studies on two classes of scheelites\; the 3:5 oxides Ln3+Nb5+O4 and the 1:7 oxides A1+M7+O4 (A = Ka\, Rb\, Cs\, Tl\; M = Tc\, Ru\, Re and Os).\n The synthesis\, structur es and magnetic properties of the Ru and Os salts AMO4 (A = K\, Rb and Os) are described. Both K salts adopt the ideal tetragonal Scheelite structu re and contain isolated MO4 tetrahedra. Both show AFM ordering along [001 ] described by k = 000 at low temperature and neutron diffraction measurem ents reveal a reduced moment ~ 0.5 μβ due to a combination of covalency and spin-orbit coupling. RbOsO4 displays the same tetragonal structure an d is an antiferromagnet with TN ~ 20K. RbOsO4 has an orthorhombic structu re in Pnma as a consequence of rotations of the OsO4 and this transforms t o the tetragonal structure upon heating above 400 K\; both Rb salts are AF M. At room temperature the two Cs salts are both orthorhombic and both un dergo additional transitions upon cooling. \nTemperature dependent struct ural studies of ATcO4 (A = Ag\, Tl\, Rb and Cs) from 90K to their melting points reveal unexpected phase transitions in RbTcO4 that displays a I41/a to I41/amd transition and in TlTcO4 where the orthorhombic (Pnma) to tetr agonal (I41/a) transformation proceeds via an intermediate orthorhombic ph ase. Like the Ru and Os oxides CsTcO4 undergoes a first order orthorhombic (Pnma) to tetragonal (I41/a) transition upon heating.\n\nhttps://events.s ynchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3033/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3033/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Chemical Crystallography with neutrons at OPAL - KOALA fulfils a p romise DTSTART:20191202T031500Z DTEND:20191202T033000Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3035@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Alison Edwards (ACNS\, ANSTO)\, Alison Edwards (ACNS \, ANSTO)\n\nA strong case for the inclusion of a single-crystal diffracto meter was made in the scoping of the initial suite of instruments to be bu ilt at the OPAL Reactor facility. The choice of a Laue instrument appeare d to offer significant opportunities for a broad community of potential us ers. In particular the potential to undertake single-crystal chemical crys tallography experiments on crystals of sizes less than a cubic millimetre was a particular attraction of using Laue diffraction. The instrument p rocured was largely based on the VIVALDI instrument which was being implem ented at the Institut Laue Langevin in Grenoble\, France.\n\nBy the time o ur instrument\, KOALA was available for users\, the world-wide output of s ingle-crystal chemical crystallography studies (as included in the Cambrid ge Data Base) from the various neutron sources had\, for a range of reason s\, slowed to a trickle. This was despite the availability of several ins truments which had promised a significant increase in the availability of such studies for application in areas of chemistry where definitive charac terization of materials could only properly be achieved by this means.\n\n The implementation of KOALA at ANSTO is compatible with applications to ma ny fields of science\, those in the physics applications had been strongly developed at the various neutron facilities across decades\, whilst the a pplications in chemistry still had considerable scope to develop. Two cri tical developments at ANSTO have been the implementation of Oxford Cryosys tems COBRA™ cryostream technology (developed for X-ray Crystallography). This has facilitated the examination of crystals under conditions compati ble with their chemical and physical properties.\n\nThe most important dev elopment has been the creation of the LAUEG suite by Dr Ross Piltz which f acilitates straightforward extraction of a data file in a format which che mical crystallographers are accustomed to use for routine crystals\, and a suite of tools to manage the processing in non-routine cases.\n\nI the fi rst ten years of operation\, it has been possible to build a strong chemic al crystallography single-crystal neutron diffraction activity with KOALA. From the outset publications results from KOALA have appeared in the pri mary reports of the chemistry in high impact journals. More recently\, as the capabilities of the instrument have become more widely known\, access to KOALA has been sought to undertake key studies which underpin publicat ion in journals of the highest standing. \n\nMany of our users have little prior experience of neutron scattering\, and at times\, their exposure to crystallography has also been of limited extent. Four student theses hav e relied heavily on data collected at KOALA and all these students have pr oceeded to careers in which their well developed critical and analytical s kills are required\n\nThis talk will highlight the important papers and fi ndings which have reached the literature to date from KOALA with emphasis on what the single-crystal neutron diffraction experiment added to the che mistry under study.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contrib utions/3035/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3035/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Structural and electronic modification of KLaTiO4 hydrogen evoluti on catalyst DTSTART:20191202T003500Z DTEND:20191202T005000Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3034@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Junwei Li (the University of Sydney\, school of Chem istry)\, Chris Ling (University of Sydney)\, Thomas Maschmeyer (The Univer sity of Sydney)\, Brendan Kennedy (The University of Sydney)\n\nKLaTiO4 is a n=1 Ruddlesden-Popper type layered perovskite. KLaTiO4 can be used as a Hydrogen Evolution Catalyst (HEC)\, producing 9.540 μmol of H2 gas per h our from 20 mg of catalyst\, when using methanol as sacrificial electron d onor and platinum co-catalyst. The main disadvantage of KLaTiO4 is its hig h bandgap of 4.09 eV\, above the visible light region\, and therefore a po or choice for a HEC that attempts to use solar energy. To reduce the bandg ap of sample to 3.10 eV (400 nm) both cationic and anionic doping of the s ample is attempted. The crystal structures\, and sample purity\, was deter mined using X-ray powder diffraction. The structures have been refined by the Rietveld method using synchrotron and lab X-ray diffraction data. Hyd rogen evolution was tested by illuminating a suspension of powder sample i n water. Evolved gases were identified and quantified using gas chromatogr aphy.\nCationic doping of KLaTiO4 was done by replacing lanthanum with pra seodymium and ytterbium\, yielding two solid solution series: KLaxPr1-xTiO 4 and KLaxYb1-xTiO4 (x = 0.005\, 0.01 and 0.03). While none of the samples from KLaxPr1-xTiO4¬ series produced hydrogen\, all KLaxYb1-xTiO4 were ab le to produce H2 when illuminated by a Hg lamp with 305 nm filter. In comp arison to KLaTiO4\, ytterbium doped samples have a reduced catalytic activ ity compared to the undoped sample\, as well as decrease in activity betwe en 20 – 40 minutes\, before increasing in rate of production again after 40 – minute mark. \nAnionic doping of KLaTiO4 was attempted by nitrogen ation\, by mixing KLaTiO4 urea and under N2 flow. PXRD pattern of initial samples shows loss in crystallinity of KLaTiO4 after the annealing process . Further attempts are underway\, using PXRD to probe degree of sample deg radation\, in what is the optimal annealing condition that will achieve ni trogen doping without sacrificing complete loss in crystallinity.\n\nhttps ://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3034/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3034/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Exotic Physics in Neutron Laue Diffraction DTSTART:20191202T010500Z DTEND:20191202T012000Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3036@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Garry McIntyre (Australian Nuclear Science and Techn ology Organisation)\n\nLaue diffraction at steady-state neutron sources ha s been reborn thanks largely to the success of X-ray Laue diffraction for protein crystallography at synchrotrons and to the development of efficien t large-area neutron-sensitive image-plate detectors. The Laue technique w ith thermal neutrons is especially successful for crystallography on singl e crystals with volume typically 0.1 mm3 [1]\, and is opening neutron diff raction to fields of structural chemistry previously deemed impossible [2] .\n\nThe high-resolution volumetric view of reciprocal space is particular ly advantageous in the detection of phase changes\, incommensurability\, a nd twinning\, but does come at a price though: all scattering from the sam ple\, inelastic as well as elastic\, contributes to the observed Laue patt erns. This can however reveal valuable physical information about the sam ple beyond the crystal structure\, but careful analysis is required to ext ract the details in the two-dimensional projection intrinsic to Laue patte rns. \n\nExamples of exotic physics in neutron Laue diffraction experimen ts on KOALA on the OPAL reactor\, and presented here\, include:\n• Obser vation of phonon scattering and determination of sound velocities\n• Sep aration of Bragg and thermal-diffuse scattering in perfect crystals \n• Observation of magnon scattering\n• Double diffraction and multiple scat tering in experiments with diamond-anvil cells [3]\n• New phases in an a periodic composite [4]\n\nReferences\n[1] G.J. McIntyre *et al*.\, *Physic a B* **385-386** (2006) 1055-1058\n[2] A.J. Edwards\, *Aust. J. Chem.* **6 4** (2011) 869-872\n[3] J. Binns *et al*.\, *IUCrJ* **3** (2018) 168-179\n [4] S. Zerdane *et al*.\, *Acta Cryst. B* **71** (2015) 293-299\n\nhttps:/ /events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3036/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3036/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:The Thermal Triple-Axis and Filter Spectrometers on TAIPAN DTSTART:20191203T000000Z DTEND:20191203T001500Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3015@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Anton Stampfl (Australian Nuclear Science and Techno logy Organisation)\n\nThe thermal triple-axis spectrometer on TAIPAN has b een running for over ten years and together with the filter spectrometer w hich has been running for three and half years have contributed to a varie ty of studies in solid-state physics and chemistry\, materials science and engineering\, geosciences\, energy science\, and the biosciences. In part icular a strong focus has been elucidating the magnetism in highly ordered thin film multilayers\, heterostuctures\, and superlattices\, as well as studying low lying excitations such as in high $T_{c}$ superconductor mat erials. The so-called Beryllium filter spectrometer\, on the other hand\, has been to date used predominately on powdered hydrogenous material. Hydr ogen has a large isotropic incoherent scattering cross-section which allow s for local molecular vibrations and structure to be directly probed. The mechanics of interaction between molecular units is studied through the an alysis of the vibrational spectra which is achieved through a knowledge of the structure of each material\, symmetry arguments that may be obtained via group theoretical analysis\, and of course through calculation\, such as force field arguments and calculations\, and *ab-initio* approaches. He re the two spectrometers are briefly described giving an overview of their capabilities. Five pieces of current scientific work are also given as go od examples showing the capability and type of work done on TAIPAN. These are magnetism in strained magnetic thin films\, low energy excitations in strongly correlated materials\, lanthanide zirconates as model nuclear con tainment materials\, hydrogen in steels\, and aminoboranes.\n\nhttps://eve nts.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3015/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3015/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Correlative Dynamics of Filamentous Fungal Adhesion on Anti-Fungal Paint and Polyester Surfaces using Synchrotron Macro ATR-FTIR Microspectr oscopy DTSTART:20191202T075300Z DTEND:20191202T080800Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2996@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jitraporn (Pimm) Vongsvivut (Australian Synchrotron) \, Shane MacLaughlin\, Elena Ivanova (Swinburne Univeristy of Technology) \, Mark Tobin (Infrared Microspectroscopy Beamline\, ANSTO Australian Sync hrotron)\, Arturo Aburto Medina (RMIT University)\, Phuc Le (RMIT Universi ty)\, Vi Khanh Truong (School of Science\, RMIT University)\, Russell Craw ford (RMIT UNiversity)\n\nFungal colonisation of different indoor and outd oor substrata is one of the common issues that causes damage and degradati on of metallic surfaces. It can be a source of infection for immunocomprom ised and/or sensitive individuals. In this study\, we investigated the ini tial conidia attachment dynamics of three fungal strains\, including Asper gillus niger ATCC 9642\, Aureobasidium pullulans ATCC 9348 and Epicoccum n igrum ATCC 42773 on (i) polyester coated surfaces and (ii) polyethylene t erephthalate-coated paints. The biochemical information of the initial con idia attachment\, particularly saccharides\, proteins and lipids\, was cha racterised using synchrotron macro ATR-IR microspectroscopy and correlated with their physical appearance from SEM analysis. The results obtained in dicated that during initial interactions with surfaces\, the saccharide co mposition played a significant role in facilitating fungal colonisation on these surfaces. This study also demonstrated synchrotron macro ATR-FTIR a s a powerful analytical tool for gaining a better understanding in the fil amentous fungal adhesion on these specific surfaces.\n\nhttps://events.syn chrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2996/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2996/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Comparison between Hamamatsu C10900D and Xineos 3030HR detectors a t IMBL for phase-contrast computed tomography of full mastectomy samples DTSTART:20191202T073300Z DTEND:20191202T073400Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2939@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Seyedamir Taba (University of Sydney)\, Benedicta Ar hatari (La Trobe University)\, Yakov Nesterets (CSIRO Manufacturing)\, Chr is Hall (Australian Synchrotron)\, Duncan Butler (ARPANSA)\, Beena Kumar ( Monash Health)\, Anton Maksimenko (Australian Synchrotron)\, Christian Du llin (University Hospital Goettingen)\, Matthew Dimmock (Monash University )\, Andrew Peele (Australian Synchrotron)\, Darren Lockie (Maroondah Breas tScreen Eastern Health)\, Serena Pacile (Elettra Synchrotron)\, Timur E. G ureyev (The University of Melbourne)\, Konstantin M. Pavlov (University o f Canterbury)\, Patrick C. Brennan (University of Sydney)\, Sarah J. Lewi s (University of Sydney)\, Harry M. Quiney (University of Melbourne)\, Giu liana Tromba (Elettra Synchrotron)\, Darren Thompson (CSIRO)\, Daniel Haus ermann (Australian Synchrotron)\, Sherry Mayo (CSIRO)\, Todd Waugh (Monash Health)\, Zdenka Prodanovic (Monash Health)\, Jane Fox (Monash Health)\n\ nWe are developing phase-contrast computed tomography (PCT) using synchrot ron sources that will be applied for medical breast imaging in the near fu ture. This study is conducted in hutch 3B of the Imaging and Medical beaml ine (IMBL) of the Australian synchrotron. Currently\, we are using two lar ge-area flat-panel imaging detectors. The first detector is Hamamatsu CMOS Flat Panel Sensor C10900D\, with CsI scintillator deposited directly on 2 D photodiode array\, with 1216 × 1232 pixels of 100 µm size in "fine mod e" and maximum detected signal counts of 4000 (12 bit). The detector was u sed with minimum exposure time of 59 ms and frame rate of 17 fps. The seco nd detector is Xineos CMOS flat panel detector\, with medical-grade column ar CsI scintillator\, with 2994x2997 pixels of 99μm pixel size and maximu m counts of 16000 (14bit). The detector was used in Mag1 (70%) mode to ach ieve exposure time 25 ms and frame rate of 40 fps. Both detectors have hig h quantum efficiency and very low noise level\, which is important for thi s type of application. Certain important parameters such as the X-ray ener gy\, effect of the propagation distance\, mean glandular dose were explore d in this study using both detectors. Fresh full mastectomy samples with d ifferent types and grades of breast cancer lesions\, as well as cancer-fre e samples\, were used to approximate the real conditions of human breast i maging. The phase retrieval step that is added to the CT reconstruction pr ocess allows us to work with noisier images\, offering a lower radiation d ose delivered to the patients. The unique properties of synchrotron X-ray sources such as high coherence\, energy tunability and high brightness are very important for producing low-dose PCT scans within short scanning tim es. These source characteristics needs to be complemented with a highly ef ficient detector having high frame rate\, high resolution\, large area and low noise level in order to maximize the outcomes for breast cancer imagi ng.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2939/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2939/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Nuclear techniques for Cultural Heritage at ANSTO DTSTART:20191202T073500Z DTEND:20191202T073600Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2937@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Rachel White (ANSTO)\, Filomena Salvemini (ANSTO)\n\ nA strategic scientific research project Cultural Heritage has been initia ted at the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO). The project aims to promote the access to the suite of nuclear methods av ailable across the organisation\, and the use of a non-invasive analytical approach in the field of cultural-heritage\, archaeology\, and conservati on science. The latest scientific analytical tools\, which are available u nder the operation of ANSTO\, including neutron-\, synchrotron- and accele rator-based techniques\, have been increasingly demanded for a wide range of applications to heritage materials.\n\nNeutron Imaging (NI)\, in partic ular\, has become a valuable means for research in these fields. The funda mental properties of the neutron — no electric charge\, deep penetration power into matter\, and interaction with the nucleus of an atom rather th an with the diffuse electron cloud —make this sub-atomic particle the id eal probe to survey the bulk of a variety of heritage materials\, such as metals\, pottery\, paintings\, etc.\n\nIn collaboration with Australian mu seum institutions and universities\, and international experts\, a series of forensic studies involving the neutron imaging beamline DINGO1 at the A ustralian Centre for Neutron Scattering (ACNS) will be showcased. NI was s uccessfully used to characterise the structure\, morphology and compositio n of cultural heritage objects without the need for sampling or invasive p rocedures. When integrated by complementary methods\, NI data were able to shed light on the most advanced manufacturing processes developed by diff erent cultures over time\, determine the authenticity of work of art or pr ovide information on the conservation status.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotro n.org.au/event/102/contributions/2937/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2937/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Australia’s contribution to an International Project to Generate a Consensus Standard Set of SAS Data to Benchmark Methods for SAS profile Prediction DTSTART:20191202T073700Z DTEND:20191202T073800Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2934@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Anthony Duff (ANSTO)\, Andrew Whitten (ANSTO)\, Tim Ryan\, Jill Trewhella (The University of Sydney)\, Kathleen Wood (Australi an Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation)\, Nigel Kirby (Australian Synchrotron)\n\nThe small-angle scattering (SAS) facilities and personnel at ANSTO’s Centre for Neutron Scattering and Synchrotron are part of an international project aimed at generating a set of SAS data sets from well -characterized biomolecules that can be used to benchmark different approa ches to predicting SAS profiles from atomic coordinates (project descripti on can be found at https://sas.wwpdb.org/?q=node/25). This project emerged from the deliberations of the International Union of Crystallography Comm ission (IUCr) on Small Angle Scattering (CSAS) and the Small-Angle Scatter ing validation task force (SASvtf) of the world-wide Protein Data Bank (ww PDB) that led to the 2017 publication guidelines for structural modelling of small-angle scattering data from biomolecules in solution (https://scri pts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/paper?jc5010). The current project involves the effor ts of 37 researchers with participants from 11 X-ray and 3 neutron scatter ing centres across Asia\, Europe and North America.\n\nThe specific object ives of the project are to measure SAS data at each of the participating f acilities for 5 standard proteins with known structures using a common bat ch for each protein and appropriate standard buffer(s). The data sets are to be compared for consistency and then an agreed set will be made availa ble to the research community. The data\, measurement protocols and source s of material will be made available via a publicly accessible Website(s). A “Multi-SAXS Hub” web site is under development (Emre Brookes\, Univ ersity of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio) to provide a single point from which different methods for scattering profile prediction can b e accessed.\n\nData have been acquired for the 5 selected proteins (RNase A\, Lysozyme\, Xylanase\, Urate Oxidase\, Glucose Isomerase) at a number o f the participating facilities. We will present here the results obtained from the Australia Center for Neutron Scattering and Synchrotron\, highlig hting what is learned by having X-ray and neutron scattering data on each protein\, as well as lessons learned to date from participating in this in ternational project.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contri butions/2934/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2934/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Pattern Formation in the Membranes of Bicontinuous Cubic Phases Ba sed on Star-Polyphiles DTSTART:20191202T073900Z DTEND:20191202T074000Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2933@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Rainer Mittelbach\, Toen Castle (Latrobe University) \, Liliana de Campo (Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering\, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization (ANSTO))\, Trond Varslot (ANY )\, Anna Sokolova (Dr)\, Minoo Moghaddam (Nanomed)\, Stephen Hyde (ANU)\n\ nBicontinuous cubic phases are of widespread interest as they are thought to play an important role in nature\, and have found a large variety of ap plications in fields including drug delivery\, contrast agents\, food scie nce\, biosensors\, and nanomedicine.\nHere we present bicontinuous cubic p hases in which the hydrophobic membrane is locally de-mixed into hydrocarb on and fluorocarbon domains [1]\, whereby the hydrocarbon fluorocarbon pat terns can be tuned based on composition.\nThe cubic phase is self-assemble d from a mixture of double chain surfactants and star-polyphiles [2]. The latter are small molecules consisting of 3 mutually immiscible chains atta ched to a common center\; a hydrocarbon\, fluorocarbon and a water soluble oligo-ethylene glycol chain [3\,4]. \nThe focus of this presentation will be on detailed SANS contrast variation data in comparison to scattering s imulations.\n\n[1] de Campo\, L.\; Castle\, T.\; Hyde\, S. T.\, Interface focus\, 7 (4)\, 20160130 (2017)\n[2] Hyde S.T.\, de Campo L.\, Oguey Ch.\, Soft Matter\, 5\, 2782-2794 (2009)\n[3] de Campo\, L.\; Moghaddam\, M. J. \; Varslot\, T.\; Kirby\, N.\; Mittelbach\, R.\; Sawkins\, T.\; Hyde\, S. T.\, Chem. Mat\, 27 (3)\, 857-866 (2015)\n[4] de Campo L.\, Varslot T.\, M oghaddam M.\, Kirkensgaard J.\, Mortensen K.\, Hyde S.T.\, PCCP\, 13(8)\, 3139-3152 (2011)\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributi ons/2933/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2933/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:The National Deuteration Facility\, and support of neutron scatter ing for structural biology DTSTART:20191202T074000Z DTEND:20191202T074100Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2938@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Nageshwar Yepuri (ANSTO)\, Marina Cagnes (ANSTO)\, A gata Rekas (ANSTO)\, Karyn Wilde (ANSTO)\, Rhys Murphy (ANSTO)\, Anwen Kra use-Heuer (ANSTO)\, Peter Holden (ANSTO)\, Anthony Duff (ANSTO)\, Rob Russ ell (ANSTO)\, Tamim Darwish (ANSTO)\, Natalia Davydova (ANSTO)\n\nThe Nati onal Deuteration Facility (NDF) at the Australian Nuclear Science and Tech nology Organisation (ANSTO) provides deuteration for a diversity of molecu les and applications\, including the deuteration of proteins for solvent c ontrast variation of multi-subunit biological assemblies.\n\nMany of the m acromolecular functions of life and disease involve dynamic protein intera ctions. Observing\, and mapping\, large scale domain movements is a stren gth of method of solution scattering. Small angle x-ray scattering can qu ickly provide macromolecular envelope information. Extending on this is t he method of small angle neutron scattering (SANS) using solvent contrast variation\, and subunit-specific labelling by deuteration\, which enables identification and mapping of relative dispositions of the subunits within the macromolecular envelope.\n\nRecent illustrative examples of structura l characterisations using deuteration and SANS include: [1] the trimeric P roteus mirabilis ScsC protein bound to ScsB\; [2] the BAMLET complex of al pha-lactalbumin and oleic acid\; and [3] multiple complexes of syntaxin an d munc18.\n\n[1] Disulfide isomerase activity of the dynamic\, trimeric Pr oteus mirabilis ScsC protein is primed by the tandem immunoglobulin-fold d omain of ScsB.\nFurlong\, E. J.\, Choudhury\, H. G.\, Kurth\, F.\, Duff\, A. P.\, Whitten\, A. E. & Martin\, J. L.\n*Journal of Biological Chemistry *\, 293\, 5793-5805. (2018) http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.RA118.001860\n\n [2] Neutron scattering shows a droplet of oleic acid at the center of the BAMLET complex.\nRath\, E. M.\, Duff\, A. P.\, Gilbert\, E. P.\, Doherty\, G.\, Knott\, R. B. & Church\, W. B.\n*Proteins*\, 85\, 1371-1378. (2017) http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prot.25298\n\n[3] Studying Munc18:syntaxin inter actions using small-angle scattering.\nWhitten\, A. E.\, Jarrott\, R. J.\, Hu\, S. H.\, Duff\, A. P.\, King\, G. J.\, Martin\, J. L. & Christie\, M. P.\n*Methods in Molecular Biology*\, 1860\, 115-144. (2019). http://dx.do i.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8760-3_7\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/eve nt/102/contributions/2938/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2938/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:KOWARI Residual Stress Scanner at ANSTO DTSTART:20191202T074100Z DTEND:20191202T074200Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2924@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Anna Paradowska (ANSTO)\, Vladimir Luzin (ANSTO)\, M ark Reid (ANSTO)\n\nThe OPAL research reactor at ANSTO has several instrum ents available for materials science and engineering applications. The KO WARI instrument has a unique non-destructive ability to measure stresses l ocked-in due to manufacturing processes in various materials such as metal s\, ceramics\, and composites. Often residual stresses can be greater than stresses generated by applied load\, therefore from a design and structur al integrity point of view they need to be understood and quantified in th e same way as external stresses. Diffraction base techniques provide vital non-destructive measurements of residual stresses on the surface and deep within the interior of components\, in small test volumes\, in thin and t hick specimens. \nThose measurements can be carried out on real engineerin g components\, or test samples with minimal preparation. This information provides direct impact into the optimization of modern manufacturing proce sses\, improved product reliability\, enhanced design performance\, reduce d production cost\, and extended life of significant engineering assets (e .g. power-station utilities\, gas pipelines\, aircrafts\, trains\, etc.). The results show case how you can use the KOWARI instrument to solve mater ial and engineering problems on large and small scales.\n\nhttps://events. synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2924/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2924/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Inelastic Neutron Scatterings Reveal Mechanism for Barocaloric Eff ects in Plastic Crystals DTSTART:20191203T024500Z DTEND:20191203T030000Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3011@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Richard Mole (ANSTO)\, Dehong Yu (Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation)\, Bing Li (Insttitute of Metal Resea rch\, CAS\, Shenyang\, China)\n\nRefrigeration is of vital importance for modern society—for example\, for food storage and air conditioning—and 25 to 30 per cent of the world’s electricity is consumed for refrigerat ion. Current refrigeration technology\, mostly involving the conventional vapour compression cycle\, is of growing environmental concern because of large amount of greenhouse gases released into atmosphere every year. As a promising alternative\, refrigeration technologies based on solid-state c aloric effects have been attracting attention for several decades. However \, their application is restricted by the limited performance of current c aloric materials\, owing to small isothermal entropy changes and large ext ernal driving fields. Recently\, it has been discovered that a class of di sordered solids called plastic crystals can deliver colossal barocaloric e ffects (CBCEs) (large cooling effects induced by pressure). In this presen tation\, I will report how inelastic neutron scattering and quasi-elastic neutron scattering\, performed on Pelican instrument\, can help in underst anding the mechanism responsible for the excellent cooling effects of the plastic crystals [1]. \n\n[1] Bing Li\, et al. Colossal barocaloric effect s in plastic crystals\, Nature\, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1042-5 \n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3011/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3011/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Ultrahigh-resolution neutron spectroscopy of low-energy spin dynam ics in UGe$_2$ DTSTART:20191203T003000Z DTEND:20191203T004500Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3018@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Marc Janoschek (Institute for Advanced Study\, Techn ical University of Munich\, Germany\; Los Alamos National Laboratory\, New Mexico\, USA\; Laboratory for Scientific Developments and Novel Materials \, Paul Scherrer Institut\, Villigen PSI\, Switzerland)\, Christian Pfleid erer (Physics Department\, Technical University of Munich\, Germany )\, Jo e D. Thompson (Los Alamos National Laboratory\, New Mexico\, USA)\, Michae l Schulz (Forschungs-Neutronenquelle Heinz-Maier Leibnitz (FRMII)\, German y)\, Christian Franz (Forschungs-Neutronenquelle Heinz-Maier Leibnitz (FRM II)\, Germany)\, Marc Seifert (Physics Department\, Technical University o f Munich\, Germany\; Forschungs-Neutronenquelle Heinz-Maier Leibnitz (FRMI I)\, Germany)\, Steffen Säubert (Physics Department\, Technical Universit y of Munich\, Germany\; Forschungs-Neutronenquelle Heinz-Maier Leibnitz (F RMII)\, Germany\; Department of Physics\, Colorado State University\, Colo rado\, USA)\, Franz X. Haslbeck (Physics Department\, Technical University of Munich\, Germany\; Institute for Advanced Study\, Technical University of Munich\, Germany)\, Thomas Keller (Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörpe rforschung\, Germany\; Max Planck Society Outstation at the Forschungsneut ronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz\, Germany)\, Andre Heinemann (German Engi neering Materials Science Centre at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum Garching\ , Germany)\, Eric D. Bauer (Los Alamos National Laboratory\, New Mexico\, USA)\n\nStudying the prototypical ferromagnetic superconductor UGe$_2$ we demonstrate the potential of the newly developed longitudinal modulated in tensity by zero effort (MIEZE) technique for the study of quantum matter. MIEZE is a novel neutron spectroscopy method with ultrahigh energy resolut ion of at least 1$\\mu$eV at the RESEDA beamline at the Heinz Maier-Leibni tz Zentrum in Garching\, Germany. Unlike other spin echo techniques\, MIEZ E encodes the resolution via a modulation of the neutron beam intensity an d is insensitive to depolarization at the sample position and can even be combined with magnetic fields. Further\, by performing the experiment in s mall angle neutron scattering (SANS) geometry\, this simultaneously allowe d us to resolve momentum transfers down to 0.015 Å$^{-1}$. In the case of UGe$_2$\, we reveal purely longitudinal spin fluctuations with a dual nat ure arising from 5$f$ electrons that are hybridized with the conduction el ectrons. Local spin fluctuations are perfectly described by the Ising univ ersality class in three dimensions\, whereas itinerant spin fluctuations o ccur over length scales comparable to the superconducting coherence length \, showing that MIEZE is able to spectroscopically disentangle the complex low-energy behavior characteristic of quantum materials.\n [1] F. Haslbec k\, et al.\, Phys. Rev. B 99 014429 (2019)\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.o rg.au/event/102/contributions/3018/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3018/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Solving industry problems using neutrons - 5 years of the Industri al Liaison Office at the Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering DTSTART:20191202T033500Z DTEND:20191202T035000Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2977@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Anna Paradowska (ANSTO)\n\nThe OPAL research reactor at ANSTO has several instruments available for materials science and engi neering applications. The instruments have a unique non-destructive abilit y to assist academia and industry in solving industry relevant problems. T he role of the Industrial Liaison Office (ILO) at the Australian Centre f or Neutron Scattering (ACNS) focuses on connecting and advocating ACNS inn ovation and expertise with external collaborators and clients. The goal of ILO ACNS is to support Australian and global industry through building lo ng-term collaborations and partnerships with universities\, other research organisations\, and businesses. Our portfolio includes developing commerc ial and scientific research programs that utilize neutron technology to su pport Australian and global industry.\nThose neutron measurements can be c arried out on real engineering components\, or test samples with minimal p reparation. This information provides direct impact into optimization of m odern manufacturing processes\, improved product reliability\, enhanced de sign performance\, reduced production cost\, and extended life of signific ant engineering assets (e.g. power-station utilities\, gas pipelines\, air crafts\, trains\, etc.). \nThis presentation will celebrate achievements an of the ACNS team over the last five years of operation and show case ho w you can use neutron instrument to solve material and engineering problem s to assist industry in solving modern challenges.\n\nhttps://events.synch rotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2977/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2977/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:What Sample Environment Can Do For You DTSTART:20191202T012000Z DTEND:20191202T013500Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3026@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Amy Shumack (ANSTO)\, Deborah Wakeham (ANSTO)\, Chri s Baldwin (ANSTO)\, Paolo Imperia (ANSTO)\, Gene Davidson (ANSTO)\, Andrew Manning (ANSTO)\, Marina Cagnes (ANSTO)\, Norman Booth (ANSTO)\, Rachel W hite (ANSTO)\n\nSample environment at ACNS comprises a varied suite of ins trumentation and equipment. In the last 12 months this has expanded with t wo new cryostats and a new helium dilution refrigerator being commissioned . We will talk about our capabilities\, how to get the best out of our equ ipment and some recent unique and interesting sample environment set ups. These include a sample changer on our 5T magnet for use on the SANS instru ments\, line of sight cryostat sample probes to allow illumination and opt ical spectroscopy in-situ\, combined electric and magnetic field studies o f skrymions phases using SANS\, and carbon fibre sample probes for fast co oling and quicker changes.\nThere have been considerable changes the sampl e environment team at ACNS in the last two years. We have not only had sig nificant changes in our team\, we have also weathered a period of low reso urces in the first half of 2019. At this meeting we have a refreshed team and a positive future ahead of us supporting experiments and providing inn ovative sample environments \nMost importantly we want to hear from you du ring this presentation. We want to know what you want to achieve in your e xperiments\; what is important for your samples and what combinations of s ample conditions you want to try out during your neutron beam instruments. We want you to help us provide what you need in the coming years.\n\nhttp s://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3026/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3026/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Tailoring liquid crystal phase transitions by addition of silica n anoparticles DTSTART:20191202T005000Z DTEND:20191202T010500Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3037@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Toby Bell (Monash University)\, Rico Tabor (Monash U niversity)\, Thomas McCoy (Monash University)\, Cat Q. Ho (School of Chemi stry\, Monash University)\, Robert Knott (Australian Centre for Neutron Sc attering\, ANSTO)\, Joshua Marlow (Monash University)\n\nLiquid crystals ( LCs) are materials with properties typically associated with both solids a nd melts. These systems possess both the structural order of crystals and the flow properties of liquids. One family of LC is the lyotropic LCs\, wh ich are formed by mixing otherwise immiscible solvents\, usually with some molecularly anisotropic substance\, such as a surfactant. Such systems ca n form a wide variety of shapes\, including hexagonal lattices of cylindri cal micelles or repeating sheet-like lamellar structures\, and each posses ses unique properties. Transitions between these phases can be controlled by various parameters\, such as altering the concentration of any substitu ents\, by changing the temperature\, or by applying a shear strain.\n\nThi s study was conducted to determine the effect that adding silica nanoparti cles (NPs) can have on the phase transition between different lyotropic LC phases. This work has implications for the application of LC systems as p rotein crystallisation media\, as cellular models\, and templates for synt hesis. Structures were analysed using polarising light microscopy (PLM)\, and small-angle x-ray and neutron scattering (SAXS/SANS)\, with both rheol ogical (rheoSANS) and thermal control. \n\nThe results revealed that silic a NPs can modulate LC mesophases by altering the thermal and rheological c onditions required for phase transition. In one instance\, they specifical ly prevent the formation of a hexagonal LC phase\, while in other circumst ances they can promote hexagonal phase formation after shear is stopped. T his suggests that caution is required when designing LCs to be used as sol vents\, as any doped particles may affect the resulting phase behaviour. I t also suggests the potential application of silica NPs as cryoprotectants \, as well as the ability of NPs to customise the shear-response of differ ent LC systems.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributio ns/3037/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3037/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Toward the phase analog of XAFS DTSTART:20191203T030000Z DTEND:20191203T031500Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3014@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Grant van Riessen (LIMS\, School of Molecular Scienc es\, La Trobe University)\, David Paterson (Australian Synchrotron)\, Minh Dao (LIMS\, School of Molecular Sciences\, La Trobe University)\, Zwi Bar nea (School of Physics\, The University of Melbourne)\, Cameron Kewish (XF M beamline\, The Australian Synchrotron. ANSTO)\, Julian Ceddia (LIMS\, Sc hool of Molecular Sciences\, La Trobe University)\, Gerard Hinsley (LIMS\, School of Molecular Sciences\, La Trobe University)\, Tony Kirk (LIMS\, S chool of Molecular Sciences\, La Trobe University)\, Paul Di Pasquale (LI MS\, School of Molecular Sciences\, La Trobe University)\, Juliane Reinhar dt (XFM beamline\, The Australian Synchrotron. ANSTO)\, Anirudh Jallandhra (Department of Applied Sciences\, RMIT)\, Chanh Tran (LIMS\, School of Mo lecular Sciences\, La Trobe University)\, Eugeniu Balaur (ARC Centre for A dvanced Molecular Imaging\, School of Molecular Sciences\, La Trobe Univer sity)\, Martin de Jonge (XFM beamline\, The Australian Synchrotron. ANSTO) \, Christopher Thomas Chantler (School of Physics\, The University of Melb ourne)\n\nXAFS in absorption and fluorescent modes has been one of the mos t commonly used techniques in a wide range of scientific research and appl ications. Current applications of XAFS to low absorbing samples such as ul tra-thin films in semiconductors and nano-devices have been limited. As th e real component of the complex refractive index (phase) is generally seve ral orders of magnitude larger than the imaginary component (absorption) i n the x-ray regime\, X-ray phase fine structure is expected to be more sen sitive in differentiating chemical states. In addition\, X-ray phase fine structure provides extra information which is complementary to those obtai ned by conventional XAFS including coherent scattering processes undergoin g within the sample. X-ray phase fine structure therefore opens great oppo rtunities for extending XAFS research into a new dimension. We will presen t both phase and absorption fine structures of a copper sample obtained si multaneously at the XFM beamline (Australian Synchrotron) by applying the HERALDO imaging technique across the copper K-edge. The results provide a critical experimental benchmark for further theoretical development and ha s potential to delve into the phase equivalent of the XAFS technique.\n\nh ttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3014/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3014/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Shedding light on the subtle differences in Li-S cell operation wh en using safer ionic liquid based electrolytes DTSTART:20191202T012000Z DTEND:20191202T013500Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2975@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Adam Best (CSIRO)\, Thomas Ruether (CSIRO)\, Mustafa Musameh (CSIRO)\, Peter Mahon (Swinburne University of Technology)\, Lisa Djuandhi (UNSW)\, Marzieh Barghamadi (CSIRO)\, Anthony Hollenkamp (CSIRO) \, Neeraj Sharma (UNSW)\n\nLithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have the potent ial to replace lithium-ion batteries due to their high theoretical energy density and potentially reduced environmental impact. However\, they still face many challenges in terms of operation and safety to become more attr active in a commercial-standpoint. Of particular interest is the use of sa fer\, less-flammable electrolyte compositions involving ionic-liquids (ILs ). Despite an increase in capacity retention as well as enhanced safety wh en using IL-based electrolytes\, there is still a lack of understanding on the inherent electrochemistry involved when using these electrolyte compo sitions in Li-S cells\, in particular whether there is a difference in SEI composition relative to using conventional organic solvent based electrol ytes.\n\nHerein synchrotron-based techniques namely in-situ X-ray powder d iffraction and ex situ X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) spectr oscopy\, both performed at the Australian Synchrotron\, are used to clarif y the subtle differences between using IL-based and more conventionally us ed organic solvent-based electrolytes in Li-S cells. Our in-situ X-ray pow der diffraction studies revealed the formation of the generally less-stabl e β-S8 phase upon multiple charge-discharge cycles when using the C4mpyr- TFSI based electrolyte. The data also showed a more distinct formation of solid Li2S when using the C4mpyr-TFSI based electrolyte versus using DOL/D ME-based electrolyte\, suggesting that C4mpyr-TFSI based electrolytes faci litate for complete reduction of S8 to Li2S. Whilst the use of LiTFSI and LiNO3 salts is generally known to stabilize the SEI in Li-S cells\, XANES spectroscopy of electrochemically treated Li-S cells revealed subtle diffe rences in the SEI composition when using C4mpyr-TFSI-based vs DOL/DME-base d electrolytes. A larger buildup of TFSI-anion was observed on the Li-anod e when using the C4mpyr-TFSI electrolyte relative to the DOL/DME compositi on\, which could account for the cell’s improved performance when using the C4mpyr-TFSI-based electrolyte.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/ev ent/102/contributions/2975/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2975/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:In-situ synchrotron X-ray tomographic study of stress-dependent po rosity and permeability behaviour of fractured coal DTSTART:20191202T034500Z DTEND:20191202T040000Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3002@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Guanglei Zhang (Monash University )\, Pathegama Gama ge Ranjith (Monash University )\n\nCoal seams are characterised as fractur ed reservoirs\, consisting of natural fractures/cleats running through the coal matrix. The porosity and permeability of fractured coal are highly s tress-sensitive. A bundled matchstick model is widely used to describe the cleat system. Based on this model\, the well-known cubic law can describe the permeability change in response to fracture porosity/aperture change. However\, this correlation is problematic\, since the matchstick model as sumes that fractures can be adequately represented as parallel plates with a constant aperture. In fact\, fractures appear in all sizes with their a pertures being rough and variable. In addition\, although fracture propert ies\, such as aperture distribution\, tortuosity and connectivity\, are af fected by changes in stresses\, the effect of stresses on the fracture pro perties and thus permeability has not yet been well studied. In this study \, in-situ synchrotron X-ray tomography was conducted on a fractured anthr acite coal at a resolution of 18.1 μm using a novel X-ray transparent tri -axial cell. We provided a detailed characterization of the fracture netwo rk and permeability change due to increased effective stress from 0.5 to 1 1.0 MPa. Results show that the permeability decreased by one order of magn itude following an exponential function. Large fractures were quickly comp ressed and isolated to smaller fractures and the fracture contact areas in creased in response to increased stresses. Preliminary studies on the corr elation between permeability and CT-resolved porosity/aperture is not cons istent with the cubic law. This may indicate that fractures cannot be adeq uately represented as smooth parallel plates. A mixture of tube and plate model is proposed to better describe fracture geometry considering its rou gh nature.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/30 02/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3002/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:In situ XAS measurement of silicate liquids using the high pressur e and temperature D-DIA facility at the Australian Synchrotron DTSTART:20191202T033000Z DTEND:20191202T034500Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3028@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Guiherme Mallmann (Australian National University)\, Jeremy Wykes (Australian Synchrotron)\, Tracy Rushmer (Macquarie Universi ty)\n\nGeochemical variation in the Earth\, such as the chemical differenc es between the core\, mantle and crust\, are fundamentally explained throu gh understanding of how elements\nare partitioned amongst metals\, mineral s and melts over a wide range of pressures\, temperatures\, and redox cond itions. The dominant framework for considering trace element behaviour in mineral/silicate-melt systems is the lattice strain model that considers\n substitution of size and charge mismatched elements into crystals in terms of distributing excess elastic and electrostatic energy throughout the cr ystal lattice. However\, the lattice strain model disregards changes in me lt structure. Abundant experimental evidence demonstrates that cations in silicate liquids begin increasing average coordination numbers at pressure s as low as ~ 3 GPa. Changes in silicate liquid structure with pressure (p olyamorphism) is a possible cause. Speciation (coordination and valence st ate) of metal cations in silicate liquids is not always faithfully preserv ed in glasses upon quenching.\nThere are few extant in situ studies of ele ment coordination as a function of pressure in liquids or glasses\, and ev en fewer applying XAS. Without high quality in situ measurements\, it is d ifficult to determine the utility of speciation data collected from quench ed glasses\, or glasses annealed at high pressure. Here we present experim ental results aimed at understanding the speciation of key trace cations i n geologically relevant silicate melts\, in situ\, at high pressure and te mperature.\nIn-situ studies are critical as we can directly investigate ch emical behaviour in melts\, not glasses\, which likely do not fully preser ve the liquid structure upon quenching.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org. au/event/102/contributions/3028/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3028/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Synchrotron techniques in environmental and agricultural science: the advantages of higher throughput and enhanced sensitivity DTSTART:20191202T033000Z DTEND:20191202T035000Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3042@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Peter Kopittke (The University of Queensland)\, Case y Doolette (University of South Australia)\, Enzo Lombi (University of Sou th Australia)\, Peng Wang (The University of Queensland)\n\nA number of sy nchrotron-based techniques are increasingly being used to investigate nutr ients and contaminant metals in a variety of environmental and biological samples. The advantages of these techniques are well known: minimal sample preparation (e.g. reduce risk of artefacts)\, high lateral and spatial re solution\, ability to probe the speciation of elements in situ. However\, until recently\, synchrotron techniques have been considered generally ‘ slow’ and not particularly sensitive in comparison with other methods pr oviding very detailed information on a few samples at reasonably high conc entrations. This has changed. The advent of fast and sensitive detector te chnologies has completely transformed the way we approach synchrotron expe riments and the information we can obtain. For instance\, traditionally\, X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) elemental mapping has been used to gain an unders tanding of metal distribution while X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) ha s been employed to investigate metal speciation. This latter approach has been performed at both the ‘bulk’ and microscale\; these two approache s being complementary and providing different information. However\, in th e last few years\, the development of a new generation of fast fluorescenc e detectors providing unprecedented rates of data acquisitions is blurring the divide between imaging and speciation techniques due to the developme nts of methods such as XANES-imaging (X-Ray Absorption Near Edge-imaging). Furthermore\, fast detectors have allowed us to probe not just larger sam ples and more samples\, they have also decreased the risk of beam damage\, and\, in-vivo time series experiments are now possible. At the same time\ , the development of ever more sensitive detectors and higher fluxes have enabled the analyses of trace element distribution and speciation at conce ntrations that are environmentally relevant. In this presentation we will discuss how new technologies have changed the information we can obtain fr om synchrotron experiments and how their design has changed over time. In particular\, we will explore how the advances in a number of synchrotron t echniques and their integration will provide new information not only in e nvironmental science but also in agriculture. In the latter case\, the abi lity to gain detailed information on large samples will provide a powerful avenue to add value to experiments conducted not only at laboratory scale but also at field scale.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/c ontributions/3042/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3042/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Elucidating the mechanisms of small molecule cryoprotection using Neutron Membrane Diffraction DTSTART:20191202T050000Z DTEND:20191202T051500Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2988@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Gary Bryant (Centre for Molecular and Nanoscale Phys ics\, School of Applied Sciences\, RMIT University)\, Christopher Garvey\, Hauss Thomas (Institute for Soft Matter and Functional Materials\, Helmho ltz-Zentrum\, Berlin)\, Skoulatos Markos (Technische Universität Münch en\, Munich)\, Georgii Robert (Technische Universität München\, Munich )\, Ben Kent (School of Chemistry\, University of New South Wales)\n\nThe interaction between membranes and small molecules is a key factor in deter mining survival of organisms or cells during dehydration and/or freezing. Cryoprotective molecules fall into two categories: those important in desi ccation and freezing tolerance in nature (such as sugars)\, which cannot p ass through membranes\; and penetrating molecules\, such as DMSO\, which a re used in laboratory cryopreservation. Both types of molecules affect mem brane structure\, but the interactions\, and therefore cryoprotective mech anisms\, are different.\n\nTo understand these mechanisms we have previous ly studied the structure of synthetic membranes in the presence of small s ugars using SAXS and SANS [eg 1-2]. More recently we have used membrane di ffraction\, which yields higher order diffraction peaks\, allowing Fourier reconstruction of the bilayer structure [3-4]. These experiments are cond ucted on stacked multilamellar membranes (with and without the relevant mo lecules) under partially dehydrated conditions (relevant to desiccation an d freezing). By deuterating one or more components\, and adjusting the neu tron contrast of the water by changing the D2O/H2O ratio\, it is possible to isolate the locations of the molecules in the bilayer region with high precision.\n\nUsing the cold triple axis spectrometer MIRA [5] (MLZ\, Garc hing\, Germany) we have optimised these measurements for the number of hig her order diffraction peaks under conditions of contrast variation. Each subsequent peak\, and Fourier term\, provides improved spatial resolution and diminishes the effects of truncation artefacts in Fourier series.\n\n We have recently extended these measurements to systems containing DMSO. I n this talk we will present these results\, and use them to contrast the d ifferent modes of action of the two classes of cryoprotective molecules. T he implications for our understanding of cryopreservation will be discusse d. \n\n[1] C.J. Garvey\, T. Lenné\, K.L. Koster\, B. Kent\, G. Bryant In t. J. Molecular Sciences 14\, 8148 (2013).\n[2] B. Kent\, C.J. Garvey\, T. Lenné\, L. Porcar\, V.M. Garamus\, G. Bryant Soft Matter 6\, 1197 (2010 ). \n[3] B. Kent\, T. Hunt\, T.A. Darwish\, T. Hauß\, C.J. Garvey\, G. Br yant J. Royal Soc. Interf. 11\, 20140069 (2014). \n[4] B. Kent\, T. Hauß\ , B. Demé\, V. Cristiglio\, T. Darwish\, T. Hunt\, G. Bryant\, C.J. Garv ey Langmuir 31\, 9134 (2015).\n[5] R. Georgii\, T. Weber\, G. Brandl\, M. Skoulatos\, M. Janoschek\, S. Mühlbauer\, C. Pfleiderer and P. Böni\, Nu cl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. A 881\, 60-64 (2018).\n\nhttps://events.synch rotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2988/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2988/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:TheStructure of the Murine CD94/NKG2A Complex Reveals Convergence With the Human Homologue DTSTART:20191202T053000Z DTEND:20191202T054500Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2990@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Bruce MacLachlan (Monash University)\, Andrew Brooks (Doherty Institute)\, Julian Vivian (Monash Uni.)\, Jamie Rossjohn (Monas h Uni)\n\nNatural Killer cells are immune effectors that clear viruses and malignancies through the gain of recognition of “altered self (stress) ” molecules or through the loss of recognition of “healthy self” mol ecules on the target. The heterodimeric CD94-NKG2A receptor is an inhibito ry receptor that monitors global MHC class I expression levels through bin ding to MHC class Ia-derived leader sequence peptides presented by HLA-E ( in humans) or Qa-1b (in mice). In so doing\, CD-NKG2A monitors for “heal thy self”. Viruses and malignancies that down-regulate MHC-Ia expression to evade recognition by the T-cell arm of the adaptive immune system are thus vulnerable to natural killer cell clearance through “dis-inhibition ” of CD94/NKG2A. This system of “immune cross-checking” has made the CD94/NKG2A system a promising target for therapeutic intervention with a number of check-point inhibitor antibodies that target CD94/NKG2A currentl y in clinical development. In this study we determined the high-resolution crystal structure of murine CD94-NKG2A in complex with Qa-1b presenting t he Qa-1 determinant modifier (Qdm) peptide\, and thus provide the mode of binding in mouse. Through comparison with the human homologue we show that despite an overall similar binding mode\, recognition of Qa-1b by murine CD94-NKG2A occurred via altered electrostatic complementarity. These data show how human and murine CD94-NKG2A have co-evolved with HLA-E and Qa-1b which exhibit cross-species heterogeneity yet exhibit highly similar funct ion. This has important implications for understanding differences in the model murine system compared to the human for the clinical progression of disease.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2990 / LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2990/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Nano and Microstructure Investigation of Silk Fibroin-Based Hydrog els for Biomedical Applications: A Small Angle Scattering DTSTART:20191202T234500Z DTEND:20191203T000000Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2982@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Robert Knott (Australian Centre for Neutron Scatteri ng\, ANSTO)\, Jasmin Whittaker (University of South Australia)\, Anita Hil l (CSIRO)\, Namita Choudhury (RMIT University)\, Naba Dutta (RMIT Universi ty)\, Christine Rehm (GTIIT)\, Jitendra Mata (ANSTO)\, Liliana de Campo (A ustralian Centre for Neutron Scattering\, Australian Nuclear Science and T echnology Organization (ANSTO))\, Rajkamal Balu (RMIT University)\n\nRegen erated Bombyx mori silk fibroin (RSF) is a widely recognized protein for b iomedical applications\; however\, its hierarchical gel structure is poorl y understood. Here\, the hierarchical structure of photocrosslinked RSF an d RSF-based hybrid hydrogel systems: (i) RSF/Rec1-resilin and (ii) RSF/pol y(N-vinylcaprolactam (PVCL) is reported for the first time using small-ang le scattering (SAS) techniques [1]. The structure of RSF in dilute to conc entrated solution to fabricated hydrogels were characterized using small a ngle X-ray scattering (SAXS)\, small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and u ltra-small angle neutron scattering (USANS) techniques. The RSF hydrogel e xhibited three distinctive structural characteristics: (i) a Porod region in the length scale of 2 to 3nm due to hydrophobic domains (containing β- sheets) which exhibits sharp interfaces with the amorphous matrix of the h ydrogel and the solvent\, (ii) a Guinier region in the length scale of 4 t o 20nm due to hydrophilic domains (containing turns and random coil)\, and (iii) a Porod-like region in the length scale of few micrometers due to w ater pores/channels exhibiting fractal-like characteristics. Addition of R ec1-resilin or PVCL to RSF and subsequent crosslinking systematically incr eased the nanoscale size of hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains\, whereas decreased the homogeneity of pore size distribution in the microscale. The presented results have implications on the fundamental understanding of t he structure–property relationship of RSF-based hydrogels [1].\n\n**Refe rences**\n[1] J. L.Whittaker et al\, International Journal of Biological M acromolecules 114 (2018) 998–1007.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/ event/102/contributions/2982/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2982/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Structural basis for the recognition of nectin adhesion proteins b y the Natural Killer cell receptors\, TIGIT\, CD96 and DNAM-1 DTSTART:20191203T000000Z DTEND:20191203T001500Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2983@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Zhihui Fu (Monash University)\, Richard Berry (Monas h University)\, Daniel Andrews (Monash University)\, Felix Deuss (Monash U niversity)\, Morten Thaysen-Andersen\, Benjamin Gully (Monash University)\ , Isobel Leece (Monash University)\, Katharine Goodall (Monash University) \, Jamie Rossjohn (Monash University)\, Gabrielle Watson (Monash Universit y)\, Sayantani Chatterjee (Macquarie University)\n\nTIGIT\, CD96 and DNAM- 1 constitute a family of immune receptors that regulate the activity of Na tural Killer (NK) cells towards transformed targets. The capacity of these nectin receptors to mediate target cell adhesion\, immune synapse formati on and regulate effector function is dependent on their recognition of nec tin and nectin-like (necl) adhesion molecules\, which are over-expressed i n a wide variety of cancers. Within this axis\, DNAM-1 is a stimulatory re ceptor that activates NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity and is crirical for tu mour immune surveillence\, while TIGIT is an inhibitory receptor that coun teracts DNAM-1 activity. Whether CD96 functions as an activating or inhibi tory receptor is unclear. Here\, we have determined the crystal structures of all of the human nectin receptors in complex with their cognate ligand s\, including TIGIT:nectin-2\, CD96:necl-5 and DNAM-1:necl-5. In addition\ , we have performed a comprehensive binding and mutational analysis of the se receptors to fully characterise their ligand binding affinity and speci ficity. Our findings indicate that TIGIT\, CD96 and DNAM-1 recognise their ligands with similar (low-micromolar range) affinity using a conserved do cking topology that is reminiscent of that observed for nectin-nectin homo /heterodimer assembly. Structural and mutational analysis highlighted the important role that the ‘lock and key’ motifs within the first extrace llular immunoglobulin domain (D1) of each receptor play in ligand binding. Moreover\, we demonstrated that the C-C’ loop of TIGIT dictates its lig and binding hierarchy\, identified a novel motif in CD96\, termed the ‘a ncilliary key’\, that is critical for necl-5 recognition\, and interroga ted the role of the second Ig domain of DNAM-1 in necl-5 binding. Altogeth er\, these data significantly broaden our understanding of nectin-nectin r eceptor interactions and has implications for understanding the molecular basis for tumour recognition and escape.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org .au/event/102/contributions/2983/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2983/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Recent development of solid-state microdosimetry for RBE study of ion therapeutic beams and radiation protection of astronauts in space DTSTART:20191203T003500Z DTEND:20191203T005500Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3297@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Anatoly Rozenfeld (University of Wollongong)\, M Pet asecca (Centre for Medical Radiation Physics\, University of Wollongong\,) \, LT Tran (Centre for Medical Radiation Physics\, University of Wollongon g\,)\, A Kok (SINTEF MiNaLab\, Gaustadalleen\, Norway)\, Dale Prokopovich\ , M Pvoli (SINTEF MiNaLab\, Gaustadalleen\, Norway)\, S Guatelli (Centre f or Medical Radiation Physics\, University of Wollongong\,)\, N Matsufuji ( National Institute of Radiological Science\, Japan)\, B James (Centre for Medical Radiation Physics\, University of Wollongong\,)\, M Lerch (Centre for Medical Radiation Physics\, University of Wollongong\,)\, David Cohen (ANSTO)\, Stefania Peracchi (University of Wollongong)\, Z Patuovic (ANSTO )\, Jeremy Davis (University of Wollongong)\n\nBased on many years of expe rience in development of semiconductor radiation sensors\, the Centre for Medical Radiation Physics (CMRP)\, University of Wollongong in collaborati on with ANSTO and SINTEF\, has successfully developed a MicroPlus probe fo r microdosimetry. The probe is based on a Silicon On Insulator (SOI) senso rs with 3D micron sized sensitive volumes (SVs) mimicking dimensions of bi ological cells\, known as the “Bridge” and “Mushroom” microdosimet ers\, Fig 1 shows the MicroPlus probe with the SOI Mushroom microdosimete r. \nThe silicon microdosimeters provide extremely high spatial resolution and were used to measure the microdosimetry spectra in different heavy io ns fields at Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC)\, Japan and in a proton pencil-beam scanning (PBS) and passive scattering system at diff erent accelerator facilities. Measured microdosimetric parameters were use d for derivation of RBE10 using Microdosimetric Kinetic Model (MKM). Deriv ed RBE10 values in response to 290 MeV/u carbon-ions SOBP is presented in Fig. 2. The RBE10 values obtained with the SOI microdosimeters match very well with those obtained from the TEPC measurements. Due to the high spati al resolution of the microdosimeter\, a more detailed RBE10 distribution w as obtained at the end of the SOBP compared to the TEPC. \nFig. 3 shows t he comparison of the Geant4 simulated and microdosimetric measurement base d RBE10 for the 400 MeV/u 16O beam in water. Due to submilimetre spatial r esolution\, it was possible to see that the peak of physical dose does not coincide with the maximum RBE10.\nThe developed SOI microdosimeters can b e very useful for dose equivalent measurements in Solar Particle Events (S PE) and Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) mixed radiation fields for radiation pr otection of astronauts and evaluation of radiation shielding. Recently an experiment with different thicknesses of Al alloy to mimic the ISS wall w as carried out in 500 MeV/u Fe ions field at HIMAC to determine the qualit y factor\, Q ̅ and the dose equivalent\, Hp(10) per incident ion cm-2 at different depths in a phanotm downstream of the Al wall. Fig 4 shows the m icrodosimetric spectra and corresponding to them Q ̅ for different scenar ios. \n\nThis work presented an application of SOI microdosimeters for RBE evaluation in heavy ion therapy and for Q ̅ and H determination in mi micking GCR radiation environment that can be used for radiation shielding optimization and radiation protection in space.\n\nhttps://events.synchro tron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3297/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3297/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Tuning the magnetic performance of hexaferrite magnets via nanostr ucturing DTSTART:20191203T000500Z DTEND:20191203T002000Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2978@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Anna Zink Eikeland (Aarhus University\, Denmark)\, M arian Stingaciu (Institute for Energy Technology (IFE)\, Norway)\, Vladimi r Luzin (ANSTO)\, Matilde Saura-Múzquiz (University of Sydney)\, Cecilia Granados-Miralles (Instituto de Ceramica y Vidrio\, CSIC\, Spain)\, Mogens Christensen (Aarhus University\, Denmark)\, Henrik Lyder Andersen (Univer sity of New South Wales)\, Maxim Avdeev (ANSTO)\n\nAs modern-day functiona l materials become more and more complex\, an increasingly detailed unders tanding of the structural features governing their physical properties is necessary in order to understand and improve their macroscopic performance . In the case of permanent magnets\, the complex interplay between atomic- \, nano- and micro-structural features such as composition\, crystallite s ize\, morphology\, relative crystallite arrangement\, density\, *etc*.\, d etermines the magnet’s macroscopic performance. We have developed a bott om-up nanostructuring protocol for preparation of high-performance stronti um hexaferrite permanent magnets.[1] Phase pure\, highly crystalline SrFe1 2O19 nanoparticles of various sizes and morphologies have been produced by different synthesis methods and by variation of specific reaction paramet ers. The tailor-made nanopowders have subsequently been compacted to form highly dense magnets (>90% of the theoretical density) by spark plasma sin tering (SPS). Meticulous structural analysis by combined Rietveld refineme nt of neutron and X-ray powder diffraction data reveal a clear correlation between crystallite size and long-range magnetic order\, which\, in turn\ , influences the magnetic properties of the nanocrystallites. Furthermore\ , the results obtained from Rietveld analysis of powder diffraction data\, texture analysis via X-ray and neutron pole figures and magnetic property measurements\, reveal a direct correlation between nanoparticle morpholog y\, self-induced texture\, crystallite growth during compaction and macros copic magnetic performance of the consolidated magnets.[2\,3] Consequently \, magnetically aligned\, highly dense magnets with record-high energy pro duct for dry-processed ferrites are obtained by bottom-up nanostructuring means\, without application of an external magnetic field before or during compaction.\n\n\n\n[1]. Saura-Múzquiz M.\, Granados-Miralles C.\, Stinga ciu M.\, Bojesen E. D.\, Li Q.\, Song J.\, Dong M.\, Eikeland E. and Chris tensen M.\, *Nanoscale*\, 2016\, 8\, 2857-2866.\n[2]. Eikeland A. Z.\, Sti ngaciu M.\, Mamakhel A. H.\, Saura-Múzquiz M. and Christensen M.\, *Sci R ep*\, 2018\, 8\, 7325.\n[3]. Saura-Múzquiz M.\, Granados-Miralles C.\, An dersen H. L.\, Stingaciu M.\, Avdeev M. and Christensen M.\, *ACS Appl Nan o Mater*\, 2018\, 1\, 6938-6949.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/even t/102/contributions/2978/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2978/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:SANS\, USANS and rheo-SANS of novel surfactant self-assembly DTSTART:20191203T002000Z DTEND:20191203T003500Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2980@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Rico Tabor (Monash University)\n\nSANS has become th e standard technique for determination of micelle structure in dilute solu tions\, offering benefits of contrast variation to interrogate structures with high fidelity. However\, the limits of accessible length-scale and dy namic resolution have limited application to some systems of interest\, in cluding wormlike micelles and highly concentrated systems. In this talk\, we will highlight recent developments and measurements that explore the ut ility of SANS in combination with USANS and rheology (rheo-SANS) in highly concentrated systems. We primarily focus on the scattering of self-assemb led surfactants with additives\, from wormlike carbohydrate and betaine sy stems to highly concentrated lamellar liquid crystals loaded with 2D and 3 D nanoparticles. In addition to presenting and discussing data in relation to the chemistry and soft matter physics of the systems explored\, we wil l also discuss modelling developments and future directions required to an alyse completely such complex systems.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.a u/event/102/contributions/2980/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2980/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Stiffness and structure in collagen materials DTSTART:20191202T234500Z DTEND:20191203T000500Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3298@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Richard Haverkamp (Massey Univeristy)\n\nCollagen is an important component of biological and natural surgical materials. Flex ibility and strength are important properties of these materials in use. H ere we investigate some factors that control strength and affect flexibili ty in these materials and the nano-structural changes that affect these pr operties. The small angle scattering (SAXS/WAXS) beamline at the Australia n Synchrotron is used to measure aspects of the structure of collagen in t hese solid materials including fibril orientation\, D-banding (and fibril extension)\, intermolecular spacing and the change in the helical turn dis tance. These measurements make full use of the 2D detector. They are combi ned with mechanical tests for stiffness and strength. Strength is largely due to collagen fibril orientation in the plane of the material\, with hig hly aligned material strongest. Stiffness is affected by changes in humidi ty or by infusion with 2-propanol or other alcohols. Bend modulus increase s logarithmically with increasing 2-propanol concentration in water. Bend modulus decreases with increasing humidity. Intermolecular spacing decreas es with 2-propanol and increases with water content and is strongly correl ated with stiffness. The change in intermolecular spacing is due to change s in the hydrogen bond structure between tropocollagen molecules causing c loser packing of the molecules within a fibril. These may represent genera l mechanisms for stiffness and strength in many collagen based materials a nd tissues.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3 298/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3298/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Neutron Super Resolution Ghost Imaging DTSTART:20191203T034000Z DTEND:20191203T035500Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3007@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Daniele Pelliccia (Instruments & Data Tools)\, Glenn R. Myers\, Joseph Bevitt (Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Orga nisation)\, Filomena Salvemini (ACNS-ANSTO)\, Andrew Kingston (Australian National University)\, David Paganin (Monash)\, Ulf Garbe (ANSTO)\n\nThe c oncept of ghost imaging emerged from visible-light optics a little over tw o decades ago. Since then\, its use has spread to x-ray\, electron and ato m optics. However\, the method appears never to have been reported for neu tron optics.\n\nIn a nutshell\, ghost imaging enables spatial resolution m ultiplexing of a detector by patterning the illumination beam. Typical gho st imaging protocols are used to achieve spatial resolution using a single pixel detector. More generally however\, one can use ghost imaging to inc rease the resolution of a pixellated detector\, i.e. achieving super-resol ution imaging.\n\nIn this work we present a proof of concept for a paralle lised form of neutron ghost imaging that enables us to increase the resolu tion of a pixellated neutron-imaging detector. \n\nOur method for neutron super-resolution ghost imaging works as follows. A spatially random mask is used\, that has an intensity transmission function that has been previ ously measured as a function of transverse coordinates\, to a specified re solution. This specified resolution\, to which the mask transmission func tion has been measured\, is higher than the resolution of a given position -sensitive detector. The random mask and low resolution position-sensitive detector can then be employed in tandem\, with each pixel of the low-reso lution detector working as an independent bucket detector in the ghost-ima ging sense of the term. We can then take a series of low-resolution neutr on images of an unknown object\, with the mask in a different known transv erse position for the detection of each low-resolution image. From these data we then show how a parallel form of ghost imaging protocol -- similar to that which we previously developed in the x-ray domain -- may be emplo yed to obtain a neutron-optical image with significantly higher resolution than each of the low-resolution images that were taken.\n\nOur proof-of-c oncept experiment\, on neutron super-resolution ghost imaging\, was perfor med using thermal neutrons at the DINGO instrument of the Australian Centr e for Neutron Scattering. Our results show how the addition of single spa tially random mask can turn a crude 4 x 4 pixel detector into a 128 x 128 pixel position-sensitive detector. This is both the first example of neut ron ghost imaging\, and a tangible example of the practical utility of gho st imaging in a neutron-optics context.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org. au/event/102/contributions/3007/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3007/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Visible and hidden paintings: Bronzino’s Cosimo I de’Medici in armour 1540s. DTSTART:20191203T023000Z DTEND:20191203T025000Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3299@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Paula Dedge (Art Gallery NSW )\, Simon Ives (Art Gal lery NSW )\, Anne Gerard-Austrin (Art Gallery NSW )\n\nThe Art Gallery of NSW’s Portrait of Cosimo I de Medici\, emerged from obscurity in 1971 an d is considered to be a ¾ length version of an earlier ½ length composit ion in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence (Simon 1983). An X-ray image was pub lished in 1987 (Simon) showing that another portrait of a man in a wide br immed hat holding a book exists underneath the painting.\n\nSince the 1980 s\, many more works by Agnolo Bronzino have been studied with technical ph otography\, infrared and X-rays and we now have a greater understanding of the artist’s extraordinary tendency to re-work and radically modify his paintings directly on the panels (Plazzotta & Keith 1999\, Tucker 1985). \n\nEarly this year the Sydney painting underwent X-ray fluorescence mappi ng at the Australian Synchrotron to enable detailed examination of its ele mental composition and to enhance the imaging of the lower painting. The e lemental mapping of the painting was done at a resolution of 120 microns e nabling the construction of elemental distribution maps across the whole w ork which can be assigned to the artist’s use of different mineral pigme nts. The distribution and application of each type of pigment visualised i n the maps demonstrate that the evolution of the painting in the artist’ s studio was a complex sequence of alterations and adjustments of subject\ , size and composition.\n\nREFERENCES:\nPlazzotta\, Carol & Larry Keith\, ‘Bronzino’s ‘Allegory’: new evidence of the artist’s revisions ’\, The Burlington Magazine\, vol.141\, no. 1151\, Feb 1999\, pp. 89-99. \nSimon\, Robert B. ‘Bronzino’s portrait of Cosimo I in armour’\, Th e Burlington Magazine\, vol. 125\, no 966\, Sep 1983\, pp 527-39.\nSimon\, Robert B. ‘’Blessed by the hand of Bronzino”: the portrait of Cosim o I in armour’\, The Burlington Magazine\, vol. 129\, no 1011\, Jun 1987 \, pp 387-88.\nTucker\, Mark S. ‘Discoveries made during the treatment o f Bronzino’s Cosimo I de’Medici as Orpheus’\, Philadelphia Museum of Art Bulletin\, vol. 81\, no. 348\, Autumn 1985\, pp. 28-32.\n\nhttps://ev ents.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3299/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3299/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Adventures in Iron Biochemistry: X-ray Spectroscopy as a Tool for Studying Biological Iron Coordination Chemistry DTSTART:20191202T234500Z DTEND:20191203T000000Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3012@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Dominic Hare (Florey Institute of Neuroscience and M ental Health)\, Carlos Opazo (Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health)\, Martin de Jonge (ANSTO)\, Gawain McColl (Florey Institute of Ne uroscience and Mental Health)\, Michael Jones (QUT)\, Simon James (ANSTO)\ , Alejandra Ramirez (Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health)\n \nTransition metals like iron (and copper) are catalytic biological cofact ors of fundamental importance. The over abundance of potential ligands in biological fluids limits the fraction of solvated metal ions to vanishingl y lower levels means coordination chemistry determines the reactivity and availability of biometals across cellular environments. Coordination chemi stry is dynamic\, responding to the pH\, redox potential and concentration of ligands and metals. Traditionally\, characterisation of specific metal -ligand species requires isolation of the complex\, necessitating disrupti on of biological systems despite the attendant risk of mismetallation and loss of biochemical context. Despite the confounding potential of typical preparation methodologies\, the tools available to study biological coordi nation chemistry in situ have remained limited. The synergy of synchrotron -based X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy represents a powerful analytical approach f or studying iron (and copper) biochemistry of individual cells within inta ct organisms. This permits quantitative mapping of metal distribution and profiling of the native coordination environment without the need for exog enous molecular probes.\n\nWe demonstrate the development of non-destructi ve XANES imaging\, to study copper and iron speciation within cultured cel ls and the simple multi-cellular model organism Caenorhabditis elegans res pectively. Further we utilise this technique to explore the changes in iro n metabolism that accompany ageing and models of human disease in C. elega ns showing how and where iron homeostasis is lost. This work has demanded particularly careful monitoring of the imaging dose associated with the me asurement to avoid photoreduction in conjunction with monitoring of the sa mple environment to ensure data are representative of the native metalloar chitecture. While work is ongoing\, we will highlight the potential applic ations of XANES imaging in biology and propose some heuristics that can sa feguard against the introduction of measurement artefacts.\n\nhttps://even ts.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3012/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3012/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Porosity evolution in nickel-iron sulphide minerals during hydroth ermal reactions DTSTART:20191202T070700Z DTEND:20191202T070800Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2947@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jitendra Mata (ANSTO)\, Idowu Abiodun Adegoke (Murdo ch University)\, Anna Sokolova (ANSTO)\, David Ralph (Murdoch University)\ , Fang Xia (Murdoch University)\, Muhammet Kartal (Murdoch University)\n\n Mineral porosity contributes to rock permeability and hence influences the movement of hydrothermal fluids in the crust and the formation of mineral deposits. Porosity is an important factor for *in-situ* recovery of base metals from ore deposit without traditional mining. Mineral porosity can b e generated during fluid-mineral reactions yet the evolution of such react ion-induced porosity is still poorly understood. In this work\, we studied porosity evolution during the hydrothermal mineral replacement of nonporo us pentlandite ((Fe\,Ni)9S8) by porous violarite ((Fe\,Ni)2S4)\, the impor tant reaction responsible for the alteration of pentlandite in natural sup ergene environments. Using ultra small angle neutron scattering (USANS) [1 ] and small angle neutron scattering (SANS) [2]\, we obtained total porosi ty\, pore size distribution\, and open-total pore ratio data before and af ter complete replacement. The majority of these reaction-induced pores are open pores\, while the pores below ~10 nm in diameter are mainly closed p ores. The evolution of pores in violarite is significant during the replac ement process but very slow after the complete replacement. This quantitat ive examination of reaction-induced porosity in violarite has increased ou r understanding of porosity evolution and how it contributes to the minera lisation in and around nickel deposits. In addition\, it has increased our understanding of the reactivity\, during hydrometallurgical processing\, of nickel iron sulphide minerals.\n\n[1] C. Rehm\, L.d. Campo\, A. Brûlé \, F. Darmann\, F. Bartsch\, A. Berry\, Design and performance of the vari able-wavelength Bonse–Hart ultra-small-angle neutron scattering diffract ometer KOOKABURRA at ANSTO\, Journal of Applied Crystallography\, 51 (2018 ) 1-8.\n[2] A. Sokolova\, A.E. Whitten\, L. de Campo\, J. Christoforidis\, A. Eltobaji\, J. Barnes\, F. Darmann\, A. Berry\, Performance and charact eristics of the BILBY time-of-flight small-angle neutron scattering instru ment\, Journal of Applied Crystallography\, 52 (2019).\n\nhttps://events.s ynchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2947/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2947/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Recent Progress on the Toroidal ARPES Detector at the Australian S ynchrotron DTSTART:20191202T071600Z DTEND:20191202T071700Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2957@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Anton Tadich\, Mark Edmonds (Monash University)\, Jo hn Riley (La Trobe University)\, Bruce Cowie (Australian Synchrotron)\, La rs Thomsen\n\nAngle Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy (ARPES) is the “ complete” photoemission experiment. It simultaneously measures a photoel ectron’s kinetic energy\, emission angle and sometimes spin\, relative t o the crystallographic axes\, constructing a direct image of the electroni c bandstructure. This makes ARPES the most powerful contemporary technique for determining the electronic structure of novel materials. ARPES has be en instrumental in the discovery and understanding of new electronic phase s of matter. For example\, important aspects of the electronic structure o f high-Tc superconductors\, such as the pseudogap were discovered using AR PES\, as was the experimental discovery of three dimensional topological i nsulators Bi1-xSbx and Bi2(Se\,Te)3. Over the years\, a dramatic improveme nt in the energy and momentum resolution possible with ARPES has occurred as a result of advances in photoelectron analysers and 2D detectors\, allo wing a range of new physics to be probed. \n\nDespite the popularity of AR PES overseas\, within Australia it has until now remained as a niche techn ique due to a small (albeit dedicated) user community. However\, the conti nually growing local interest in studying novel materials with exotic elec tronic properties has led to the demand for our own synchrotron – based ARPES instrument. The ARPES detector\, a toroidal geometry analyser\, is n ow installed at the Soft X-ray beamline with commissioning completed and f irst experiments conducted. An overview of the latest developmens on the i nstrument is presented. A substantial upgrade to the system's capabilities has been comppleted via the recent installation of (i) an intense microwa ve-based\, monochromated\, helium discharge VUV source and (ii) a scanning tunnelling microscope (Fermi SPM\, Scienta Omicron GmbH).\n\nhttps://even ts.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2957/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2957/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:QUOKKA\, THE PINHOLE SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON SCATTERING INSTRUMENT AT THE OPAL RESEARCH REACTOR\, AUSTRALIA: DESIGN\, PERFORMANCE AND OPERATION. DTSTART:20191202T072200Z DTEND:20191202T072300Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2966@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Chris Garvey (ANSTO)\, Deborah Wakeham (ANSTO)\, Ell iot Gilbert (ANSTO)\, Chun-Ming Wu (NSRRC)\, Jitendra Mata (ANSTO)\, Kathl een Wood (Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation)\n\nQUOKK A was the first SANS instrument to be in operation at the Australian resea rch reactor\, OPAL [1]. It is a 40 m pinhole instrument operating with a n eutron velocity selector\, an adjustable collimation system providing sour ce-sample distances of up to 20 m and a two dimensional 1 m2 position-sens itive detector\, capable of measuring neutrons scattered from the sample o ver a secondary flight path of up to 20 m. Also offering incident beam pol arization and analysis capability as well as lens focusing optics\, QUOKKA has been designed as a general purpose SANS instrument with a large sampl e area\, capable of accommodating a variety of sample environments. Some o f these sample environments are\, a Rapid Heat Quench Cell enabling a samp le to be studied in situ following a thermal shock (-120°C to 220°C)\; T he neutron Rapid Visco Analyser (nRVA) which enables SANS to be measured s imultaneously with viscosity via an RVA – an instrument widely used with in the food industry\; In-situ Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)\; A stopped flow cell\, and RheoSANS.\nHere we describe QUOKKA’s design cha racteristics\, performance and operation\, including a high count rate det ector\, installed in 2018.\n\n[1] K. Wood et al\, J. Appl. Cryst. 51 (2018 ) 294.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2966/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2966/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Self-Assembly of Long-Chain Betaine Surfactants: Effect of Tailgro up Structure on Wormlike Micelle Formation DTSTART:20191202T072500Z DTEND:20191202T072600Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2914@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jackson Moore (Monash University)\, Veena Kelleppan (Monash University)\, Liliana de Campo (Australian Centre for Neutron Scat tering\, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization (ANSTO))\, Rico Tabor (Monash University)\, Thomas McCoy (Monash University)\, Anna Sokolova (Dr)\, Brendan Wilkinson (The University of New England)\n\nAmido propyl betaines are zwitterionic surfactants that exhibit viscoelastic pro perties\, due to their ability to self-assemble into wormlike micelles and other extended micellar geometries. A range of amidopropyl betaine surfac tant molecules containing C18 hydrocarbon tails\, with differing levels of unsaturation and branching\, were synthesised and analysed. The fatty aci ds used as targets for surfactant tail groups were stearic\, oleic\, isost earic\, linoleic and linolenic acids. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS )\, ultra-small angle neutron scattering (USANS) and rheology coupled to s mall angled neutron scattering (rheo-SANS) were employed to determine self -assembly in solution\, micellar geometries and alignment of wormlike mice lles under shear. Optimum wormlike micelle formation was achieved for the oleyl tailed surfactant. The more highly unsaturated molecules formed rodl ike micelles\, whereas the stearic-tailed molecule showed a pronounced Kra fft point\, and the isostearic-chained surfactant was entirely water-insol uble. These properties indicate that the oleyl-tailed betaine has the mos t potential to be exploited in applications\, particularly where fluid con trol is imperative. This research has offered new insight into the micella r processes associated with amidopropyl betaines. It is evident that a sub tle change in the tail group of amidopropyl betaines can modify the behavi our and solubility of these surfactants.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org .au/event/102/contributions/2914/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2914/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:In Situ Synchrotron FTIR Microspectroscopy in Hydration Studies DTSTART:20191202T073000Z DTEND:20191202T073100Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2922@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Marta Krasowska (University of South Australia)\, Da mien Sebben (University of South Australia)\, Damien Stringer (Marinova Pt y Ltd)\, Natalie Benbow (University of South Australia)\, Piotr Pawliszak (University of South Australia)\, Sam Karpiniec (Marinova Pty Ltd)\, David Beattie (University of South Australia)\, Jitraporn Vongsvivut (Infrared Microspectroscopy Beamline\, ANSTO Australian Synchrotron)\, Jessie Webber (University of South Australia)\, Mark Tobin (Infrared Microspectroscopy Beamline\, ANSTO Australian Synchrotron)\n\nPresented work was focused on odd-even effects in polysaccharide polyelectrolyte multilayers\, that may influence their hydration content and the chemical environment of the wate r within them. Experiments were performed using polysaccharide polyelectro lyte multilayers (PEMs) composed of pharmaceutical grade fucoidan and chit osan. PEMs were studied under confinement using synchrotron FTIR microspec troscopy at increasing pressure\, in order to isolate and measure infrared spectra of water within the PEM\, without interference from bulk water. C omplementary studies of the PEMs were carried out using lab-based in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform spectroscopy (ATR FTIR) and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D)\, as well as zeta potential measurements\, to determine the quantity of adsorbed po lymer\, hydration content\, film thickness\, viscoelastic properties and s urface charge during layer-by-layer deposition.\nResults revealed that the hydration of the PEM followed a saw-tooth profile\, known as the odd-even effect\, where the film increased hydration with fucoidan adsorption and dehydrated/densified with chitosan adsorption. The water structure within the film showed a lower degree of hydrogen bonding than water in the bulk electrolyte. However\, the water structure/environment was independent of the terminating layer of the PEM\, in spite of the alteration in percentag e hydration water\, indicating only a partial proof of the initial hypothe sis for this multilayer system (hydration amount changes\, hydration water environment does not).\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/con tributions/2922/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2922/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Studied Using the Pelican Time-of -Flight Spectrometer DTSTART:20191202T073100Z DTEND:20191202T073200Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3013@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Richard Mole (ANSTO)\, Dehong Yu (Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation)\n\nThe study of magnetic materials u sing inelastic neutron scattering (INS) has a long history\, dating back t o some of the first INS experiments. The Pelican spectrometer is well sui ted to magnetic studies as the high flux\, low background and non-magnetic construction provide ideal conditions for such experiments. Further the instrument is designed for polarisation analysis\, a key technique in adva nced magnetic characterisation studies. As part of the Pelican user progr amme\, a diverse selection of magnetic properties and materials has been i nvestigated. These include but are not limited to low dimensional quantum magnetism [1]\, excitations in lanthanoid single molecule magnets [2]\, f rustrated magnetism [3]. In this contribution we will give an overview of some of these successful experiments and showcase future capabilities wit h the addition of a 7T magnet to the Pelican sample environment suite.\n\n 1. M. Fujihala\, T. Sugimoto\, T. Tohyama\, S. Mitsuda\, R. A. Mole\, D. H. Yu\, S. Yano\, Y. Inagaki\, H. Morodomi\, T. Kawae\, H. Sagayama\, R. Kumai\, Y. Murakami\, K. Tomiyasu\, A. Matsuo\, and K. Kindo Phys. Rev. Le tt. 120 077201 (2018)\n2. M. Vonci\, M.J. Giansiracusa\, W. Van den Heuvel \, R.W. Gable\, B. Moubaraki\, K.S. Murray\, D. Yu\, R.A. Mole\, A. Soncin i and C. Boskovic Inorg. Chem. 56 378 (2017)\n3. T. Haku\, K. Kimura\, Y. Matsumoto\, M. Soda\, M. Sera\, D. Yu\, R. A. Mole\, T. Takeuchi\, S. Naka tsuji\, Y. Kono\, T. Sakakibara\, L.-J. Chang\, and T. Masuda Phys. Rev. B 93 220407(R) (2016)\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contri butions/3013/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3013/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Update on the SPATZ Time-of-Flight Neutron Reflectometer at the OP AL Research Reactor DTSTART:20191202T073200Z DTEND:20191202T073300Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2953@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Tzu-Yen Huang (National Synchrotron Radiation Resear ch Centre)\, Stewart Pullen (ANSTO)\, Paris Constantine (ANSTO)\, Anton Le Brun (ANSTO)\n\nNeutron reflectometry is a powerful technique for studyin g the structure of surfaces and interfaces at the nanometer. The useful pr operties of neutrons allows for isotopic contrast variation in multi-compo nent systems and being able to investigate phenomena under a wide variety of sample environments. At the OPAL Research Reactor there is currently on e operating neutron reflectometer – PLATYPUS\, however demand is suffici ent that a second is needed. In September 2015\, an agreement was signed b etween HZB and ANSTO to transfer the V18 ‘BioRef’ time-of-flight neutr on reflectometer [1\, 2]\, previously situated at the 10 MW BER-II Researc h Reactor\, to the OPAL Research Reactor. During 2016\, a joint team of AN STO and HZB personnel carefully disassembled BioRef and packed it into shi pping containers for transport to ANSTO. BioRef arrived at ANSTO in early 2017 and is now known as SPATZ (German for Sparrow) and is the 15th neutro n-scattering instrument at OPAL. \nSPATZ has a vertical sample geometry\, which complements PLATYPUS with its horizontal sample geometry. The vertic al sample geometry will allow for use of sample environments which cannot be currently used on PLATYPUS due to geometry constraints and allows for w ide-angle diffraction from multilayers and lamellar stacks. SPATZ will als o be equipped for simultaneous infra-red spectroscopy and reflectometry ex periments. \nThe instrument views the OPAL cold neutron source (CNS) by ta king the end position of the CG2B guide\, which has recently been installe d. \nSPATZ started hot commissioning in November 2018 and intends to start user experiments by the end of 2019. This presentation will provide an ov erview of the project\, its current status\, and future direction. \n[1] M . Strobl et al.\, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 82\, 055101 (2011) \n[2] M. Trapp et al.\, Rev Sci. Instrum. 87\, 105112 (2016)\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.o rg.au/event/102/contributions/2953/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2953/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Recent highlights from the PELICAN spectrometer DTSTART:20191202T073400Z DTEND:20191202T073500Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2925@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Dehong Yu (Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation)\, Richard Mole (ANSTO)\n\nThe PELCIAN instrument is a cold- neutron time-of-flight spectrometer located at the Australian Centre for N eutron Scattering. The spectrometer has been in continuous user operation for the past five years. The instrument capabilities range from the stud y of quasi-elastic neutron scattering with a best resolution of 65 µeV\, to the rapid measurement of phonon density of states. The instrument is w ell equipped for sample environment with our standard cryofurnace capable of measuring from 1.5 K to 800 K. While more complex sample environments such as gas sorption\, light irradiation\, electric fields and dilution te mperatures have been commissioned and are in frequent use. In this contri bution we shall give an overview of recent scientific highlights from PELI CAN.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2925/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2925/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Speckle Interferometry at IMBL - First Results DTSTART:20191202T073600Z DTEND:20191202T073700Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2928@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Marcus Kitchen (Monash University)\, Anton Maksimenk o (Australian Synchrotron)\, Josh Bowden (CSIRO IMT)\, Konstantin M. Pavl ov (University of Canterbury)\, Ben Kennedy (University of Canterbury)\, S heridan Mayo (CSIRO Manufacturing\,)\, David Paganin (Monash)\, Thomas Li (University of Canterbury)\, Andrew Stevenson (Australian Synchrotron/ CSI RO)\n\nAt IMBL inline phase-contrast imaging is typically used for imaging and tomography. This utilises Paganin's phase-retrival algorithm (Paganin et al. 2002) for boosting the signal to noise of the resultant images. Ho wever\, this single-image algorithm does not permit the independent extrac tion of absorption and phase shift arising from a sample\, nor can the dar k-field signal be obtained.\n\nA number of alternative imaging methods suc h as grating-based phase-contrast\, edge-illumination and speckle interfer ometry enable the independent extraction absorption\, phase and dark-field signals (Mayo & Endrizzi 2018). Grating-based methods and edge-illuminati on require careful alignment and relative movement of two sets of gratings \, or of a grating and detector\, with images acquired at a succession of positions to obtain high quality data. Speckle interferometry and related tracking methods are experimentally less demanding\, requiring only a mask and the ability to move it repeatably to different positions.\n\nThe spec kle mask creates a fine scale random pattern in the imaging plane and imag es are acquired with and without the sample in place. The local difference s in intensity\, position and contrast of the mask image with and without the sample are used to extract the different signals. For high-resolution speckle interferometry multiple image-pairs are acquired with the mask in different positions (Zdora et al. 2018). However\, useful results at lower resolution can be achieved even with a single image pair (Berujon et al 2 012).\n\nHere we present preliminary results from our first attempts to im plement speckle interferometry at IMBL\, including testing of single-image and multi-image methods including tomography.\n\nReferences\n\nPaganin D\ , Mayo SC\, Gureyev TE\, Miller PR\, Wilkins SW (2002) Simultaneous phase and amplitude extraction from a single defocused image of a homogeneous ob ject. Journal of Microscopy-Oxford 206:33-40\n\nMayo S.\, Endrizzi M. (201 8) X-Ray Phase Contrast Methods. In: Ida N.\, Meyendorf N. (eds) Handbook of Advanced Non-Destructive Evaluation. Springer\, Cham\n\nZdora MC\, Thib ault P\, Deyhle H\, Vila-Comamala J\, Rau C\, Zanette I (2018) Tunable x-r ay speckle-based phase-contrast and dark-field imaging using the unified m odulated pattern analysis approach. J Instrum 13\n\nBerujon S\, Wang H\, S awhney K (2012) X-ray multimodal imaging using a random-phase object. Phys ical Review A 86:063813\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/con tributions/2928/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2928/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Residual Stresses\, Metallurgical and Mechanical Properties of Las er Cladded Rail DTSTART:20191202T073800Z DTEND:20191202T073900Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2918@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Ralph Abrahams (Monash University)\, Anna Paradowska (ANSTO)\, Cong Qiu (IRT\, Monash Univeristy)\, Wenyi Yan (Monash Universi ty)\, Panahsadat Fasihi\, Olivia Kendall\n\nAustralia is home to the world ’s seventh longest railway network\, over 40\,000km in length\, which is depended upon for passenger and freight transport. Whilst the continued s urge in rail infrastructure development brings economic growth\, it also r esults in rapid rail degradation due to the direct wheel-rail head contact under high axial loads resulting in wear and rolling contact fatigue (RCF ). \n\nLaser cladding is a promising maintenance strategy to regenerate th e rail surface by using a high energy laser to metallurgically bond a meta llic powder to the substrate surface\, forming high-quality\, hard facing layer. However\, the highly localised heat input and repeated cycles solid ification\, thermal expansion coefficient mismatch and phase transformatio ns all contribute to a high residual stress state which is detrimental to the rail fatigue resistance when combined with the rail-wheel contact stre sses. \n\nThe aim of this project is to develop a novel cladding alloy\, S S415\, that has the combined advantages of excellent abrasion resistance\, hardness and improved toughness which will increase the service life of h ypereutectoid rails. A low residual stress state in the clad rails is impe rative for rail performance and accurate evaluation of residual stresses u sing non-destructive neutron scattering techniques is critical in the pred iction of fatigue life.\n\nOur first residual stress measurements on a SS4 15 clad rail were taken on Kowari strain scanner at ANSTO. The preliminar y results will be discussed and correlated with the metallurgical and mech anical properties of the laser repaired rail.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotro n.org.au/event/102/contributions/2918/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2918/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:EFFECT OF Mo + Cr CODOPING LEVELS ON THE PHOTOCATALYTIC PERFORMANC E OF SOL-GEL DERIVED AND ION IMPLANTED TIO2 THIN FILMS DTSTART:20191202T074200Z DTEND:20191202T074300Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2944@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Armand Atanacio (Centre for Accelerator Science ANST O )\, Madhura Manohar (Centre for Accelerator Science ANSTO)\, Pramod Kosh y (UNSW Sydney)\, Wen-Fan Chen (National Sun Yat-sun University\, Taiwan)\ , Amanda Chen (UNSW Sydney)\n\nTitania (TiO2) is one of the most widely us ed photocatalysts with applications in water splitting\, air purification and dye sensitised solar cells. However\, its wide band gap (3.0–3.2 eV ) makes it inefficient under visible light. There is potential to lower t he band gap and improve photocatalytic efficiency through codoping and ion implantation by transition metal ions.\n\nIn present work\, uniformly cod oped TiO2 thin films of varying Mo and Cr concentrations (0–1.00 mol% fo r each dopant) were fabricated using spin coating and deposited on fused s ilica substrates. All films were annealed at 450°C for 2 h to recrystall ise the TiO2. The undoped samples were subjected to ion implantation by M o\, Cr\, and both Mo + Cr at 1 x 1014 atoms/cm2 and annealed again at 450 °C for 2 h. The films were characterised to determine their mineralogical and surface properties using X-ray diffraction\, Raman spectroscopy\, ato mic force microscopy\, secondary ion mass spectroscopy\, and X-ray photoel ectron spectroscopy. Photocatalytic activity was examined by testing the absorbance of methylene blue solution (UV-vis spectroscopy) after irradiat ion by UV light for different time periods. \n\nIn the uniformly codoped films\, the crystallinity of the films increased when the codopant level w as below the solubility limit of the dopants. However\, above the solubil ity limit\, dopant precipitation at grain boundaries resulted in grain pin ning and amorphisation\, decreasing the crystallinity of the films. Overa ll\, it was found that photocatalytic performance decreased with increase in codopant content owing to lattice strain. Ion implantation of undoped thin films with Mo and Mo + Cr improved the photocatalytic performance of the film. It is thought that Cr increased the formation of oxygen vacanci es which lowered the band gap and improved photocatalytic efficiency.\n\nh ttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2944/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2944/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Exploring diffusion mechanisms in oxide-ionic conductive single cr ystals DTSTART:20191202T074500Z DTEND:20191202T074600Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2923@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Ivana Evans (University of Durham)\, Josie Auckett ( Durham University)\n\nThe development of efficient and cost-effective soli d oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) will allow hydrogen or other low-carbon fuels t o replace hydrocarbon fuels in commercial energy-generation applications. A wide variety of oxide structure classes are being explored in an effort to discover SOFC electrolyte and electrode materials with competitive ioni c conductivity in the “intermediate” temperature range (450-600 °C). In order to rationally design and tune these materials for better performa nce\, a clear understanding of the causes and mechanisms of ionic conducti vity in the most promising materials is essential. \n\nOur work utilises a combination of experimental and theoretical methods to investigate the st ructural and dynamic origins of oxide ion mobility in diverse solid oxide materials. We have used the optical floating-zone furnace facility recentl y installed at Durham University to grow single crystals of conductive sch eelites ($\\mathrm{CeNb}_{1-x}M_{x}\\mathrm{O}_{4+\\delta}$ and $\\mathrm{ LaNb}_{1-x}M_{x}\\mathrm{O}_{4+\\delta}$\, *M* = V\, Mo\, W)\, apatites ($ \\mathrm{(La\,Bi)}_{9.33+x}\\mathrm{Si}_{6}\\mathrm{O}_{26\\pm\\delta}$) a nd “hybrid” hexagonal perovskites ($\\mathrm{Ba}_{3}\\mathrm{Nb}M\\mat hrm{O}_{8.5}$\, *M* = Mo\, W)\, in many cases for the first time. These cr ystals have enabled a variety of experiments to be performed\, including s ingle-crystal x-ray and neutron diffraction\, directional quasielastic neu tron scattering\, and oriented $^{18}$O tracer diffusion measurements. Our poster will present new insights obtained from these studies concerning t he roles of ionic order and disorder\, interstitial site behaviour\, low-e nergy diffusion pathways\, and cation coordination environments on efficie nt ionic conductivity in some of the mentioned materials.\n\nhttps://event s.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2923/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2923/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Corrosion at the Metal-Glass Interface in HIPed Nuclear Wasteforms DTSTART:20191202T074600Z DTEND:20191202T074700Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2911@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Eric R Vance (ANSTO)\, Keenan Burrough (UNSW/ANSTO)\ , Pramod Koshy (UNSW Sydney)\, Daniel Gregg (ANSTO)\n\nA common approach t o the immobilisation of nuclear wastes produced in the nuclear fuel cycle is to incorporate them in a borosilicate glass and dispose this “wastefo rm” within a geological repository. These glass-based wasteforms are kn own to corrode in groundwater in the repository over thousands of years an d thus research has focused on investigating the mechanisms of glass disso lution and corrosion to understand and predict the stability of the radion uclides in the glass structure. ANSTO has developed hot isostatic pressin g (HIP) to consolidate nuclear waste into an appropriately designed wastef orm to significantly reduce storage volumes and to minimise the formation of secondary waste streams and this technology can be applied to glass. I n this process\, the liquid waste and glass forming additives are mixed an d then dried to produce a powder that is melted at high temperatures in a specially designed metal canister which is compacted using high pressure a rgon gas. However\, corrosion may occur at the contact zone between the g lass and the stainless-steel HIPing container and this may impact the stab ility of the waste form structure in the long term within the repository. Therefore\, further understanding of the effects of temperature and press ure during the HIPing process on the corrosion of the glass in the contact zone with the stainless-steel container is required. This is of particul ar importance since this interface is potentially the first exposure point to groundwater in a geological repository.\n\nThis collaborative project between ANSTO and UNSW investigated the corrosion and stability of the gla ss-stainless steel interface of three HIPed nuclear waste glass compositio ns. The compositions that were used include International Simple Glass (I SG) which is a benchmark for glass corrosion experiments\, UK Mixture Wind scale Glass (MW)\, and French R7T7 Glass (SON68) which are used internatio nally. The glass frits were prepared by mixing\, drying\, and calcining o f the appropriate precursor powders\, and subsequently converted to simula nt wasteforms by both melting in a furnace and HIPing. The glass composit ions and the resultant interface with the HIP container was characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine the microstructural characteristics and homogeneity and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) t o determine the elemental distribution. Corrosion experiments were perform ed on sections of the HIPed samples by placement in water at 90°C over ti me periods ranging from 7 to 60 days to accelerate the corrosion. Similar microstructural analyses of the interfacial regions were conducted on the corroded samples and then compared with the un-corroded control samples. The outcomes from the research will provide critical data on stability of different glass compositions after HIPing in steel containers which can h elp to assess the safety of HIPed nuclear waste glass storage underground for long time periods >1000 years.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/ev ent/102/contributions/2911/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2911/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Theoretical study of manganese melilites and related structures DTSTART:20191202T074700Z DTEND:20191202T074800Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2912@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Matthew Sale (University of Sydney)\, Chris Ling (Un iversity of Sydney)\, Qingbo Xia (The University of Sydney)\, Max Avdeev ( Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation\, Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering)\n\nManganese melilites and related compositions1- 8 with chemical formula of A2MnC'2O7 (A1+: Na\, K\, Rb\, Cs\; C’5+: As\, V\, P and A2+: Ca\, Sr\, Ba\; C’4+: Si\, Ge) were studied theoretically using ab initio density function theory. The relative stability of differ ent phases was approximated by comparing relaxed crystal structure energie s. Further calculations of the magnetic structure and super-super exchange parameters of selected melilite structures were also performed. The calcu lated results mostly agree with the limited set of experimentally measured magnetic and crystal structures5\, 8-10 and suggest interesting pathways for further research.\n\n\n1 M. Sale\, M. Avdeev\, Z. Mohamed\, C. D. Ling \, P. Barpanda\, Dalton Trans.\, 46\, 6409-6416 (2017)\n2 A. C. Keates\, Q . Wang\, M. T. Weller\, J. Solid State Chem.\, 210\, 10-14 (2014)\n3 M. Ga belica-Robert\, Comptes Rendus Série II\, 293\, 497-499 (1981)\n4 P. Barp anda\, M. Avdeev\, C. D. Ling\, J. Lu\, A. Yamada\, Inorg. Chem.\, 52\, 39 5-401 (2013)\n5 A. El Maadi\, A. Boukhari\, E. M. Holt\, S. Flandrois\, Co mptes Rendus Série II\, 318\, 765-770 (1994)\n6 A. El Maadi\, A. Boukhari \, E. Holt\, J. Chem. Crystallogr.\, 25\, 531-536 (1995)\n7 F. Erragh\, A. Boukhari\, B. Elouadi\, E. M. Holt\, J. Cryst. Spect. Res\, 21\, 321-326 (1991)\n8 Q. Huang\, S.-J. Hwu\, Inorg. Chem.\, 37\, 5869-5874 (1998)\n9 P . Barpanda\, T. Ye\, M. Avdeev\, S.-C. Chung\, A. Yamada\, J. Mater. Chem. A\, 1\, 4194-4197 (2013)\n10 B. Yahia Hamdi\, E. Gaudin\, J. Darriet\, Z. Naturforsch. B Chem. Sci.\, 62\, 873 (2007)\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron .org.au/event/102/contributions/2912/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2912/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Optimization of Ion Implantation Parameters for Photocatalytic Coa tings on Conducting and Insulating Substrates DTSTART:20191202T074800Z DTEND:20191202T074900Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2910@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Armand Atanacio (Centre for Accelerator Science ANST O )\, Pramod Koshy (UNSW Sydney)\, Jialuo Ke\, Wen-Fan Chen (National Sun Yat-sun University\, Taiwan)\, Charles Christopher Sorrell (School of Mate rials Science and Engineering UNSW Sydney)\, Madhura Manohar (Centre for A ccelerator Science ANSTO)\n\nTitanium dioxide (TiO2) is the most commonly used photocatalyst which is activated by UV irradiation to generate electr on-hole pairs that can contribute to the destruction of inorganic compound s to water and CO2. The photoeffciency of TiO2 is limited in visible ligh t due to its wide band gap and high photo-induced charge recombination rat es. A potential solution to this issue is to dope TiO2 with transition me tals via low energy ion implantation (LEII) technique available at the ANS TO Centre for Accelerator Science. Previous LEII work has shown that the as-implanted dose can be significantly different from the intended nominal value when implanting insulating substrates. This can impact on the accur acy of the dosage\, particularly for designing advanced materials for phot ocatalytic applications. Thus there is a need to investigate the effects of implanting different metals in a photocatalytic coating deposited on in sulating and conducting substrates in order to determine the effect of imp lantation parameters on the accuracy of the implantation dosage. \n\nThis collaborative Honours thesis project between UNSW and ANSTO investigates the correlation of implantation accuracy with coating type\, conductivity of substrates\, and dopant type to optimise the ion implantation process. A semiconducting photocatalytic TiO2 thin film was deposited by spin coat ing of sol-gel precursor (titanium isopropoxide and isopropanol) on silico n and fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrates followed by annealin g at 450°C for 2 h. The TiO2 coated substrates were implanted with Mo an d Cu ions at nominal doses of 1x1014 to 1x1016 atom/cm2. The implanted sam ples were characterized using both particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) at ANSTO to determine the actual concentration of implanted dopant. The microstructural and minera logical characteristics of the implanted samples were characterized at UNS W using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (GAXRD)\, respectively. Atomic force microscopy (AMF)\, X-ray photoelectron spectr oscopy (XPS) and laser Raman spectroscopy were employed to determine the s urface roughness\, grain size\, surface composition and confirmation of mi neralogy of TiO2 coated samples before and after implantation. Photocatal ytic testing using dye degradation (methylene blue) under UV and solar irr adiation were conducted to determine the effect of implantation on photoca talytic performance. The outcomes of this research will provide critical data which will allow for increased accuracy of ion implantation on substr ates of varying conductivity and allow for optimization of implantation do sage for enhanced performance for different applications.\n\nhttps://event s.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2910/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2910/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Structural Characterisation of a high Na-ion conductor DTSTART:20191202T074900Z DTEND:20191202T075000Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2929@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Siegbert Schmid (The University of Sydney)\, Frederi ck Tiger Yang (The University of Sydney)\n\nRechargeable lithium ion batte ries have been in commercial use for almost three decades now. They are ub iquitous in our society and we can hardly imagine a life without them. Giv en the challenges ahead\, such batteries might help to slow down the rate at which our planet warms. Two large scale approaches that can help here a re the storage of sustainably produced renewable energy and the use of bat teries in electric cars (re-charged with sustainably produced electricity) . Several widely publicised cases of exploding mobile phones (due to highl y flammable organic electrolytes) have highlighted critical safety concern s for widespread use of such batteries in cars. To address these safety is sues\, the highly flammable organic liquid electrolytes can be replaced by solid electrolytes to form all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). In this con text\, the development of solid electrolytes for sodium ion batteries is c rucial. \n\nOne of the systems that we are investigating\, and the subject of this presentation\, is the perovskite-type Na1/2-xLa1/2-xSr2xZrO3 syst em. The x=1/6 member of the system\, i.e. Na1/3La1/3Sr1/3-ZrO3 (NLSZO) was recently published by Zhao et al. [1] They reported the structure to have a cubic crystal system with the space group P213\, in agreement with the data for SrZrO3 (PDF No. 74-2231) as proposed in 1992 by Roosmalen et al. [2] However\, it has been demonstrated by Kennedy et al. that the transiti on to the cubic phase for SrZrO3 is only possible at or above 1373 K with the space group Pm-3m [3]. Under ambient conditions SrZrO3 is reported to have an orthorhombic superstructure.\n\nGiven the high ionic conductivity reported for the system\, it is important to determine its structure relia bly and with the best available data. The powder data we have collected fo r our sample indicate that the symmetry is indeed lowered to orthorhombic. The detailed structural characterisation based on those data will be repo rted.\n\nReferences:\n\n[1] Y. Zhao\, Z. Liu\, J. Xu\, T. Zhang\, F. Zhang \, X. Zhang (2019). Synthesis and characterization of a new perovskite-typ e solid-state electrolyte of Na1/3La1/3Sr1/3ZrO3 for all-solid-state sodiu m-ion batteries. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 783\, 219 - 225.\n\n[2] J . A. M. van Roosmalen\, P. van Vlaanderen\, E. H. P. Cordfunke (1992). On the structure of SrZrO3. Journal of Solid State Chemistry 101\, 59 - 65.\n \n[3] B. J. Kennedy\, C. J. Howard\, B. C. Chakoumakos (1999). High-temper ature phase transitions in SrZrO3. Physical Reviews B 59\, 4023 - 4028.\n\ nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2929/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2929/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Simultaneous SAXS and WAXS ion track recovery studies on metallic glasses and consequences on their magnetization properties DTSTART:20191202T075000Z DTEND:20191202T075100Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2961@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Nigel Kirby (Australian Synchrotron)\, Matias Rodrig uez (Department of Electronic Materials Engineering\, The Australian Natio nal University\, Canberra\, Australia / School of Science\, University of New South Wales - Canberra\, Australia )\, Wayne Hutchison (School of Scie nce\, University of New South Wales - Canberra\, Australia)\, Boshra Afra (Department of Electronic Materials Engineering\, The Australian National University\, Canberra\, Australia )\, Thomas Bierschenk (Department of Ele ctronic Materials Engineering\, The Australian National University\, Canbe rra\, Australia )\, Patrick Kluth (Australian National University)\, Chris tina Trautmann (GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research\, 64291 Darmst adt\, Germany)\n\nAmorphous metals\, also called metallic glasses\, are me tallic alloys with a disordered non-crystalline atomic structure. There is a high level of interest in metallic glasses as consequence of their part icular structure\, lacking of medium and long range order leading to inter esting physical properties such as high mechanical strength\, great wear a nd corrosion resistance\, and high elasticity [1]. Furthermore\, such inte resting mechanical properties combined with permanent magnetization (as in Fe- and Co-based alloys) have motivated an important emerging field throu gh the recent development of nanocrystalline materials from metallic glass es for magnetic applications. Nanocrystalline Fe based alloys exhibit outs tanding magnetic properties characterized by a very low coercivity and ver y high saturation magnetization.\n\nIons at energies of some MeV per nucle on lose their energy predominantly to the electronic system when passing t hrough matter. In this process\, energy transfer from the electronic syste m to the atoms due to electron-phonon coupling may finally lead to the for mation of long columnar defects along the ion trajectories\, so called ion tracks [2\,3]. \n\n\nSimultaneous synchrotron based small and wide angle X-ray scattering (SAXS and WAXS) study is presented on swift heavy ion irr adiated amorphous Fe –B based metallic glasses. Melt-spun ribbons with c ylindrical ion tracks produced by irradiation with 2 GeV U and 2.2 GeV Au ions were annealed in situ with temperatures of up to 440°C. Ion track re covery followed by crystallization of the alloy is observed. While the ion track radius remained approximately constant during annealing\, the SAXS scattering intensities of individual monodisperse ion tracks decreased unt il vanishing before the onset of crystallization. Subsequently SAXS/WAXS i ndicates the nucleation of $\\alpha$-Fe and Fe$_{3}$B nanocrystals. The ti me evolution of the particle size distribution revealed a nucleation domin ated crystallisation process. Through magnetic measurements of the metalli c glasses irradiated to different doses\, ion tracks induced microstructur al changes in the material were found to reduce the magnetic coercivity of the nanocrystalline material. \n\n\n[1] A. Inoue and A. Takeuchi\, Acta M aterialia (2011)\, doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2010.11.027\n[2] P. Kluth et al.\ , Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 (2008) 175503\n[3] M. D. Rodriguez et al.\, J. of N on-Cryst. Solids 358 (2012) 571\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event /102/contributions/2961/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2961/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Virtual recovery of text from an ancient inscribed lead scroll usi ng neutron tomography DTSTART:20191202T075100Z DTEND:20191202T075200Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2919@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Joseph Bevitt (Australian Nuclear Science and Techno logy Organisation)\, Carla Raymond (Macquarie University)\n\nThe artefact in study is an ancient lead scroll with an inscriptions inside\, however\, its purpose and origin are unknown. Many ancient cultures used metal tabl ets as a writing media for various purposes - prayers of protection\, ball ots\, contracts\, and curses for example. Once inscribed\, these tablets w ere rolled or folded and placed in a variety of places determined by their purpose ie. cisterns and wells for curses\, or burial sites for protectio n. Lead and tin were typically used for curses and ill-wishes\, however th ere have been examples of official documents and private letters found on lead tablets also. \nThese tablets are often found to be corroded and frag ile as a result of their burial environments\, which can make it difficult to determine the nature of their inscriptions. Physically unrolling these delicate ancient documents can result in fragmentation\, crumbling\, and overall permanent damage and loss of text. Thus using non-destructive tech niques are the best way forward for the study of these fragile glimpses in to the past. \nSynchrotron X-ray CT was unable to penetrate the ~2cm thick lead scroll\, however\, neutron tomography successfully imaged through th e entirety of the scroll. The results were unprecedented\, revealing four individual tablets rolled up in the scroll. Using VG Studio the length of each lead sheet and thickness of each lamellae can be measured. Additional ly virtual unrolling of the sheets and extraction of text has begun\, also using VG Studio.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contribut ions/2919/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2919/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Integrated Nanoindentation and Modelling Approaches to Determine I on Induced Hardening Behaviour in AA6061 and MA957 DTSTART:20191202T075200Z DTEND:20191202T075300Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-2940@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Pramod Koshy (UNSW Sydney)\, Charles Christopher Sor rell (School of Materials Science and Engineering UNSW Sydney)\, Benjamin Muffett (Student UNSW )\, Michael Saleh (ANTO)\, Dhriti Bhattacharya (AN STO)\n\nMaterials used in nuclear applications are exposed to radiation wh ich causes changes to their properties\, most significantly with regard to the hardness and microstructure. The present work investigates the change s in hardness resulting from heavy ion irradiation damage in aluminium all oy AA6061-T6 after irradiation with 12 MeV Au ions and contrasts it with t he changes in the hardness of ferritic alloy MA957 irradiated using He ion s at various energies. The mechanical test data was obtained using the ob lique cross section (OCS) nanoindentation method for AA6061-T6 while the t op down method was used for MA957 allowing for good depth resolution and s harper peaks. \n\nA multiscale assessment framework was proposed through c ombinatorial modelling approaches including the Monte Carlo (SRIM) simulat ion of ion irradiation and continuum finite element modelling to account f or damage saturation. The simulation results were compared and validated against the experimental data to elucidate the hardening effect resulting from ion irradiation and the resultant changes in the hardness profile. T he work was able to determine the stress distribution beneath the indenter while revealing the stratified nature of damage in ion beam irradiation a long with the occurrence of complex plastic deformation in the irradiated zones. \n\nData from literature on neutron irradiation studies with regard to hardening rates\, dpa dependence and flow stress for bulk polycrystall ine specimens was used to analyse the stratified layers produced from ion irradiation at the micromechanical scale in the FE model. This methodolog y was used to predict the hardening response of ion irradiated materials t hat are thermodynamically stable and show hardening rates independent of i rradiation dose.\n\nhttps://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributi ons/2940/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/2940/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Materials development for Aerospace applications DTSTART:20191202T030000Z DTEND:20191202T032000Z DTSTAMP:20260904T172000Z UID:indico-contribution-3300@events.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Claudia Creighton (Deakin University\, Geelong\, Aus tralia.)\, Adrian Hawley (ANSTO)\, Peter Lynch (Deakin University)\, Matth ew Barnett (Deakin University\, Geelong\, Australia.)\, Cameron Kewish (AN STO)\, Andrew Stevenson (ANSTO)\, David Fox (Deakin University\, Geelong\, Australia./CSIRO)\, Pablo Mota Santiago (Deakin University\, Geelong\, Au stralia./ANSTO)\, Stephen Mudie (ANSTO)\n\nThis talk will focus on a synch rotron experimental programme developed for aerospace materials design and testing. The unique properties of the beamlines available at the Australi an synchrotron facility have been applied in various modalities. A brief o verview of current and future work is presented based on case studies deve loped on two beamlines\,\n1. A dedicated synchrotron Small Angle Scatterin g (SAXS)\, Wide Angle Scattering (WAXS) fibre testing capability (Serial f ibre X-ray scattering). The experimental design has been optimised for me asurement of weakly scattering monofilament fibres with short acquisition times. Based on a scanning fibre-by-fibre measurement protocol\, the struc tural parameters\, density and relative distribution along the length of a fibre can be mapped for the first time. This technique is used to identif y the “weakest link” microstructures and serves as an optimisation too l for fibre processing.\n\n2. The Imaging and Medical beamline for polychr omatic/monochromatic diffraction measurements. High energy diffraction mea surements are used to assess the build microstructure of 3D printed (Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS) deposition) Ti5553 metals. Application of s patially resolving measurements has been used to study the bi-modal grain size distribution introduced by the AM build process.\n\nhttps://events.sy nchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3300/ LOCATION:Muse URL:https://events.synchrotron.org.au/event/102/contributions/3300/ END:VEVENT END:VCALENDAR